Prognostic significance of immunologic changes in 675 infants perinatally exposed to human immunodeficiency virus

Memory B Cell Function in HIV-Infected Children—Decreased Memory B Cells Despite ART

“…Data in children are missing as bone marrow aspirates are not done routinely in HIV-infected children. Hypergammaglobulinemia for IgG, IgA, IgM in HIV-infected children has been reported (10,11,29). In contrast, we only observed an increased IgG level in HIV-infected children compared with reference values.…”

Combined antiretroviral therapy reduces hyperimmunoglobulinemia in HIV-1 infected children

“…Since Ig levels vary with age, differences at different age periods were evaluated through differences in z-scores. Means and standard deviations for the normal population for each age period were calculated using values from a previous study by de Martino and colleagues [2].…”

“…Data collection started on 1 June 1985. Information concerning data collection has been described in detail elsewhere [2,9,10]. Data are prospectively collected every 6-12 months.…”

Lymphocyte subsets in healthy children from birth through 18 years of age

“…In the study of pediatric HIV infection, the principal immunologic change documented in large, multicenter, longitudinal studies has been the CD4 T-lymphocyte count, which decreased rapidly in infected infants and children [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] compared with that in HIV-exposed (but HIV-noninfected) control subjects. [15][16][17][18][19] Use of these control subjects was justified on the basis of their lack of apparent HIV infection and with the assumption that their immune systems resembled those of absolute control subjects (children without HIV exposure and HIV infection).…”