Prognostic value of Exhaled Microsatellite alterations at 3p in NSCLC patients

Exhaled ERCC-1 and ERCC-2 microsatellite alterations in NSCLC patients

“…MA at 19q information seems to be directly related with tobacco consumption and supports the idea that EBC could also be used to quantify the DNA alterations due to the cumulative exposure to smoking carcinogens [9].…”

“…The detection of microsatellite alterations in the EBC, which is made possible through a completely non-invasive and therefore easily accepted exam, has led to propose this method as a precious tool for early diagnosis, follow-up programs and survival studies in lung cancer patients [7][8][9].…”

New biomarkers for lung cancer

“…Carpagnano et al studied the levels of ET1-1 in EBC of patients with lung cancer and found significant differences between healthy controls and NSCLC patients, and between stage I--III and stage IV patients [211]. The same group demonstrated that the number of microsatellite alterations on chromosome locus 3p in DNA present in EBC of patients with NSCLC and healthy patients was significantly higher in the NSCLC patients [212], and recently they found that the number of 3p microsatellite alterations found in the exhaled breath condensate DNA shows a remarkable correlation with patient's survival [213]. In a recent case/control study, they found a high quantity of three analytes (II-2, TNF-a and leptin) in patients, particularly in an advanced phase of the disease [214].…”

“…Finally, by mass spectrometry Gianazza et al identified some cytokeratins in EBC of smokers, demonstrating that Total DNA Serum/plasma NSCLC/SCLC 53 --54 100 [218] hTERT Serum/plasma NSCLC 90 86 [220] Her2/neu mRNA Serum/plasma NSCLC/SCLC 39 100 [239] hnRNP B1 mRNA Serum/plasma NSCLC/SCLC 45 --78 52 --100 [239,240] P16 methylation Serum/plasma NSCLC 34 --72 100 [241][242][243] TP53 mutation Serum/plasma NSCLC 17 --73 100 [244,245] K-ras mutation Serum/plasma NSCLC 0 --24 -- [241,246] 5T4 mRNA Serum/plasma NSCLC 43 52 [225] CDH13, CDKN2A/p16, FHIT, RARB, RASSF1A Serum/plasma NSCLC/SCLC 73 82 [223] TMS1, RASSF1A, DAPK methylation Serum/plasma NSCLC 72 -- [246] APC methylation Serum/plasma NSCLC 47 100 [247] Microsatellite alterations (various panels) Serum/plasma NSCLC/SCLC 24 --85 65 --100 [222,241,[248][249][250][251] Total DNA Sputum NSCLC 45 --82 90 [207,252] hnRNP A2/B1 Sputum NSCLC 82 65 [253] P16-MGMT-RASSF1A -methylation Sputum SCC 5 --100 78 [204] HOX A9, MAGE A1-B2 methylation Sputum NSCLC 27 --64 -- [206] Chromosomal instability (FISH) Sputum NSCLC 41 --50 94 [208,254] p-53, K-ras, p15, APC, CDKN2A/p16, and RASSF1 methylation BAL NSCLC 53 -- [201] hnRNP A2/B1 BAL NSCLC 96 82 [255] TP53 mutation EBC NSCLC 36 100 [256] 3p microsatellite alterations EBC NSCLC 12.5 --35 -- [213] Endothelin-1 EBC NSCLC Not reported -- [210] IL-2, TNF-a, leptin EBC NSCLC Not reported -- the exposure to toxic chemicals may cause structural alterations in lung, resulting in a diagnostic signature …”

Loss of heterozygosity proximal to the M6P/IGF2R locus is predictive for the presence of disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of ovarian cancer patients before and after chemotherapy

“…LOH has been described in a variety of epithelial tumors and has been significantly associated with prognosis in e.g., colon cancer (Wang et al, 2010), cervical cancer (Kozlowski et al, 2006) and non-small cell lung cancer (Carpagnano et al, 2009). For ovarian cancer, experimental evidence proved that LOH at e.g., chromosome band 9q22-31 is a frequent and early event in ovarian tumors (Byrom et al, 2004), whereas LOH at chromosome 17 is a more common event in high-grade, late stage ovarian carcinomas (Foulkes et al, 1993).…”