Prognostic value of the immunohistochemistry markers CD56, TTF‑1, synaptophysin, CEA, EMA and NSE in surgically resected lung carcinoid tumors

Abstract

Lung carcinoid tumor is a type of neuroendocrine tumor, which is subdivided into typical carcinoid (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AT), based on the rate of mitosis and the presence of necrosis. Several prognostic factors for lung carcinoids have been reported in the literature, including the type, Ki67 index, stage, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In the present study, 108 cases with resected carcinoid lung tumors were enrolled and the expression of CD56, thyroid transcription factor 1, synaptophysin, carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in the resected tissue specimens was immunohistochemically analyzed. Patients with positive staining for NSE had an unfavorable survival prognosis compared with patients with negative staining for NSE (137.2 vs. 150.0 months, P=0.044). According to univariate analysis, none of the above immunohistochemistry markers was associated with survival, and according to multivariate analysis, NSE was an independent influencing factor for survival inpatients with AT (P=0.046) and furthermore, the stage was an independent factor of survival in patients with TC (P=0.005).

Thyroid transcription factor‐1 expression in lung neuroendocrine tumours: a gender-related biomarker?

“…In a retrospective study of 34 lung NET treated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with (177) Lu-DOTATATE (Lu-PRRT), survival outcomes in terms of PFS were better in TTF-1 negative cases if compared to TTF-1 positive ones (26.3 vs. 7.2 months, respectively, p = 0.0009) [37]. However, these data have not been confirmed in subsequent works [12,38]. A retrospective analysis of 108 lung NET lacked to demonstrate a correlation between TTF-1 positivity and patient outcomes [12,].…”

“…Several studies have evaluated the prognostic role of TTF-1 in NSCLC [9], suggesting that TTF-1 is favourable prognostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinomas [10]. Unfortunately, its role is more conflicting for lung NET [11,12]. This issue is of note, in the setting of lung NET, given that established prognostic factors, beyond the histological subtype of TC (associated to a better prognosis) vs. AC and the pathological TNM stage, are missing.…”

A rara case of concurrent chromophobe renal cell cancer with lung neuroendocrine tumor: a case report and literature review

“…In addition, neuron‑specific enolase (NSE) is a highly specific marker for neuroendocrine cells and is expressed in lung carcinoids. Positive staining with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) have been reported in some cases of lung carcinoids 22 . Ki67 is recommended to differentiate carcinoid tumours from carcinomas particularly with small biopsies 23 .…”

Immunohistochemical Profile of Parathyroid Tumours: A Comprehensive Review

“…Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) is absent [140] both from normal and pathological parathyroid tissues including multiglandular parathyroid disease in primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperplasia, tertiary hyperparathyroidism, adenomas, atypical adenomas and carcinomas [140]. Neural cell adhesion molecule CD56 is another negative marker despite frequent expression in neuroendocrine tumours in other locations [38,[141][142][143][144].…”