Programa de potenciación de la resiliencia para pacientes con artritis reumatoide = Empowerment program of resilience for rheumatoid arthritis patients

Abstract

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue desarrollar y validar un programa para la potenciación de la resiliencia en pacientes con artritis reumatoide. El diseño fue cuasi-experimental tipo pre-test/post-test entre dos grupos no aleatorios con seguimiento al grupo experimental. La muestra total comprendió 76 pacientes (93% mujeres). En el estudio piloto (Estudio 1) participaron 26 pacientes, y en el estudio de réplica (Estudio 2) 50 pacientes. Los resultados observados en ambos estudios fueron favorables para el grupo intervenido. Las variables de resultado afectadas por el programa fueron la resiliencia, la autotrascendencia, el estado emocional, la calidad de vida, la percepción de enfermedad y el apoyo social. A modo de conclusión, el programa de intervención focalizado en la resiliencia puede potenciarla y producir cambios importantes en variables psicosociales asociados con la artritis reumatoide. Palabras clave:Intervención; resiliencia; artritis reumatoide; cuasi-experimento. Empowerment program of resilience for rheumatoid arthritis patients Abstract:The aim of the present study was to develop and validate an intervention program to the empowerment of resilience for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We used a quasi-experimental non-randomized pre-post two-group design; the experimental group was also assessed at follow-up. The total sample consisted of 76 patients (93% women). The results of both Study 1 (n = 26; pilot study) and Study 2 (n = 50) showed a positive effect of treatment on some of the outcome variables, including resilience, self-transcendence, mood states, quality of life, illness perception, and social support. Thus, the intervention program can enhance resilience and significantly improve psychosocial variables associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

Qualidade metodológica de programas de intervenção baseados em fortalezas na América Latina: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

“…In terms of follow-up studies for the impacts of high-quality programmes in the longterm, results are even more sparse where only three papers reported follow-up assessments at T2 (three months), T3 (six months) and T4 (18 months) (Cruz-Almanza et al, 2006); T2 (three months) (Quiceno et al, 2011); and a social skills educational programme for mothers of ADHD children in Brazil, which included but did not report follow-up length (Rocha et al, 2013). Despite having reached high-quality statues, only one study showed significant results for all primary outcome measures-for the purpose of this review: Coping and Assertiveness (Cruz-Almanza et al, 2006).…”

“…Of those, an anxiety and emotional regulation intervention for labours (Toledo et al, 2011) showed significant differences for Coping across groups, and one study (Murta and Tróccoli, 2007) presented no significant results for any variable of interest (expected to improve Assertiveness and Coping) following a stress management intervention. Two high-quality papers (Rocha et al, 2013;Quiceno et al, 2011) showed only one variable of interest as primary outcome measure (Assertiveness and Resilience, respectively), stated in the programmes' main objectives. These studies were included in this review due to presenting other variables of interest as unexpected secondary outcome measures (as a results of interaction effects of primary outcome measures) following a social skills educational programme -also expected to improve Coping and Empathy (Rocha et al, 2013) and a brief intervention for chronically ill patients -expected to improve Gratitude and Assertiveness (Quiceno et al, 2011).…”

“…Two high-quality papers (Rocha et al, 2013;Quiceno et al, 2011) showed only one variable of interest as primary outcome measure (Assertiveness and Resilience, respectively), stated in the programmes' main objectives. These studies were included in this review due to presenting other variables of interest as unexpected secondary outcome measures (as a results of interaction effects of primary outcome measures) following a social skills educational programme -also expected to improve Coping and Empathy (Rocha et al, 2013) and a brief intervention for chronically ill patients -expected to improve Gratitude and Assertiveness (Quiceno et al, 2011). Similar interaction effects were detected in two other studies following a stress management intervention -to improve Coping (Murta and Tróccoli, 2009), and a Positive Psychology programme -Forgiveness, Gratitude and Optimism as secondary outcome measures (Cuadra-Peralta et al, 2012).…”

“…ment interventions in Brazil Tróc-coli, 2009, 2007); a brief intervention to foster Resilience in chronically ill patients in Colombia (Quiceno et al, 2011); and an intervention programme to improve anxiety and emotional regulation of working labours in Cuba (Toledo et al, 2011). In terms of follow-up studies for the impacts of high-quality programmes in the longterm, results are even more sparse where only three papers reported follow-up assessments at T2 (three months), T3 (six months) and T4 (18 months) (Cruz-Almanza et al, 2006); T2 (three months) (Quiceno et al, 2011); and a social skills educational programme for mothers of ADHD children in Brazil, which included but did not report follow-up length (Rocha et al, 2013).…”

“…Out of the remaining studies reviewed there were three interventions for parents of children with cognitive or behavioural problems (Coelho and Murta, 2007;Pinheiro et al, 2006;Rocha et al, 2013), aimed to improve Assertiveness, Coping and/ or Empathy; two for elderly people (Borges and Seidl, 2014;Cuadra-Peralta et al, 2012), aiming to positively impact on Assertiveness, Empathy, Forgiveness, Gratitude and/or Optimism; one intervention for Rheumatoid Arthritis patients (Quiceno et al, 2011), focusing on Assertiveness, Gratitude and Resilience; one for abused women (Cruz-Almanza et al, 2006), to improve Assertiveness and Coping; and one intervention programme for students with social anxiety and social phobia (Pureza et al, 2012), which aimed to but did not present significant results for Assertiveness or Empathy. Also in terms of participants' characteristics, 46.6% (seven studies) reported to have included at least 30 participants to compose the sample (Cruz-Almanza et al, 2006;Cuadra-Peralta et al, 2012;Tróccoli, 2004, 2009;Pinheiro et al, 2006;Quiceno et al, 2011;Toledo et al, 2011). The lowest number of participants identified in a study was N=7 (Coelho and Murta, 2007), in a group training programme to promote Coping and Empathy.…”