Programming 2D/3D shape-shifting with hobbyist 3D printers

Manen, Teunis van; Janbaz, Shahram; Zadpoor, Amir A.

doi:10.1039/c7mh00269f

Cited by 256 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The initial increase in curvature of fishnet structure in the range 25° < θ ≤ 90° followed by a decrease in 0° ≤ θ ≤ 25° is due to the change in local strain (Figure c). It should be noted that the printed fishnets are monolayers , and the bending observed at higher temperature is solely due to the geometric design of the network, not due to the strain mismatch in bilayered structures as previously reported in several studies …”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…It should be noted that the printed fishnets are monolayers, and the bending observed at higher temperature is solely due to the geometric design of the network, not due to the strain mismatch in bilayered structures as previously reported in several studies. [8,29,30,34,65] We model temperature induced bending of our fishnet structures using modified formalism presented recently by Gladman et al [30] In the case of fishnet structure, the strain tensor is governed by the inclination angle which further determines the bending curvature. We find that the by resolving horizontal and vertical components of the tensor, the curvature of the bent fishnet network structure is given by sin sin cos 1 8 7cos2 cos 4…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Directed Printing and Reconfiguration of Thermoresponsive Silica‐pNIPAM Nanocomposites

Guo

Belgodere

et al. 2019

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Printing of polymeric composites into desired patterns and shapes has revolutionized small‐scale manufacturing processes. However, high‐resolution printing of adaptive materials that change shape in response to external stimuli remains a significant technical challenge. The article presents a new approach of printing thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) into macroscopic structures that dynamically reconfigure in response to heating and cooling cycles. The printing process is performed using an external laser source, which enables thermal cross‐linking of the polymer ink consisting of monomer, cross‐linker, initiator, and inorganic nanoparticles. It is shown that the addition of silica nanoparticles enhances the mechanical properties of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) while maintaining its thermoresponsiveness at micrometer‐scale resolution, which otherwise is not feasible by extrusion‐based three‐dimensional printing techniques. It is demonstrated that spatial reconfiguration of the printed monolayers upon increasing temperature is governed by the local geometry, which enables mimicking the reconfiguration of plant leaves in a natural environment. The study lays a foundation for developing a new fabrication platform to print thermoresponsive structures that may find applications in biomedical implants, sensors, and other multi‐responsive materials.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Directed Printing and Reconfiguration of Thermoresponsive Silica‐pNIPAM Nanocomposites

Guo

Belgodere

et al. 2019

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…The locally different responsive properties of the hydrogels can be achieved by local adjusting the compositions and/or structures of the hydrogels. Among the reported methods, photolithographic 55,56 and three-dimensional (3D) printing methods [57][58][59][60][61] can produce hydrogels with macroscale inhomogeneous structures by introducing a double-network hydrogel or inducing different orientations of additive cellulose fibrils, respectively. Photolithographic, 62-66 electrochemical ionprinting, [67][68][69][70] ion-transfer-printing (ITP), 50 and ion-inkjetprinting (IIP) 71 methods can prepare hydrogels with molecular scale inhomogeneity by introducing crosslinking gradients into as-prepared hydrogels.…”

Section: Hydrogels With Locally Different Responsive Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape changing hydrogels and their applications as soft actuators

Peng

Wang

2018

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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In nature, plants or animals change their geometric shapes and hence realize different functions or movements. Inspired by the shape changes of plants and animals, several hydrogels that can change their geometric shapes upon external stimuli have been developed. This article provides a brief overview of shape changing hydrogels. First, two strategies to realize the shape changes of hydrogels, that is, preparing hydrogels with inhomogeneous structures and applying inhomogeneous stimuli onto homogeneous hydrogels, are discussed. Then, external stimuli that can actuate the shape changes of the stimuli-responsive hydrogels are presented. The applications of shape changing hydrogels such as soft machines, soft robotics, drug carriers, microfluidic valves, and sensors have been provided in third part. Finally, we offer our perspective on open challenges and future areas of interest for the shape changing hydrogel actuators.

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“…In recent years, advanced techniques such as ion-printing and 3D printing have been developed to form complex heterogeneouss tructures for programmable 3D deformations. [50][51][52][53][54][55][56] For instance, Lewis and co-workers used stiff cellulose fibrils-containing precursor solutiona st he ink to fabricate hydrogel constructs by extrusion-based 3D printing. [53] The shear-oriented cellulose fibrils resulted in nanocomposite hydrogel fibers with anisotropic swelling behavior.I ntegration of such anisotropic hydrogel fibers by 3D printing led to controllable deformationsinto complex configurations.…”

Section: Strategies For Heterogeneous Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photolithographically Patterned Hydrogels with Programmed Deformations

Hao

et al. 2018

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Programmed deformations are widespread in nature, providinge legantp aradigms to design self-morphing materials with promising applications in biomedical devices, flexible electronics, soft robotics, etc. In this emerging field, hydrogels are an ideal materialt oi nvestigate the deformation principle and the structure-deformation relationship. One crucial step is to construct heterogeneouss tructures in af acile yet effective way.H erein, we provide af ocus review on different deformation modes and corresponding structural features of hydrogels. Photolithography is av ersatile approach to control the outer shape of the hydrogel and spatiald istribution of the component in the hydrogel, endowing the patterned hydrogels with programmed internal stress and thus controllable deformations. Specifically, cooperative deformations take place in periodically patterned hydrogelsw ith in-plane gradients, and multiple morphing structures are formed in one patternedh ydrogel using selective preswelling to directt he buckling of each unit. The structuralc ontrol strategy and deformation principles should be applicable to other materials with broad applications in diverseareas.

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Programming 2D/3D shape-shifting with hobbyist 3D printers

Abstract: Fused deposition modeling (FDM) enables simultaneous programming and production of thermo-responsive shape-shifting materials.

Cited by 256 publications

References 34 publications

Directed Printing and Reconfiguration of Thermoresponsive Silica‐pNIPAM Nanocomposites

Directed Printing and Reconfiguration of Thermoresponsive Silica‐pNIPAM Nanocomposites

Shape changing hydrogels and their applications as soft actuators

Photolithographically Patterned Hydrogels with Programmed Deformations

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