Programming of respiratory health in childhood

Wright, Rosalind J.; Brunst, Kelly J.

doi:10.1097/mop.0b013e32835e78cc

Cited by 94 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Although previous studies link higher prenatal exposure to PM with adverse pulmonary outcomes, such as asthma (41)(42)(43), the sensitive window with the greatest impact has not been well elucidated. A more definitive understanding of the temporal effects of toxins on outcomes in the offspring may provide clues as to the underlying mechanisms being perturbed based on current understanding of the cellular Association between weekly particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) levels over gestation and asthma onset.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Particulate Air Pollution and Asthma Onset in Urban Children. Identifying Sensitive Windows and Sex Differences

Hsu¹,

Chiu²,

Coull

et al. 2015

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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275

104

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Rationale: The influence of particulate air pollution on respiratory health starts in utero. Fetal lung growth and structural development occurs in stages; thus, effects on postnatal respiratory disorders may differ based on timing of exposure.Objectives: We implemented an innovative method to identify sensitive windows for effects of prenatal exposure to particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) on children's asthma development in an urban pregnancy cohort.Methods: Analyses included 736 full-term (>37 wk) children. Each mother's daily PM 2.5 exposure was estimated over gestation using a validated satellite-based spatiotemporal resolved model. Using distributed lag models, we examined associations between weekly averaged PM 2.5 levels over pregnancy and physician-diagnosed asthma in children by age 6 years. Effect modification by sex was also examined.Measurements and Main Results: Most mothers were ethnic minorities (54% Hispanic, 30% black), had 12 or fewer years of education (66%), and did not smoke in pregnancy (80%). In the sample as a whole, distributed lag models adjusting for child age, sex, and maternal factors (education, race and ethnicity, smoking, stress, atopy, prepregnancy obesity) showed that increased PM 2.5 exposure levels at 16-25 weeks gestation were significantly associated with early childhood asthma development. An interaction between PM 2.5 and sex was significant (P = 0.01) with sex-stratified analyses showing that the association exists only for boys.Conclusions: Higher prenatal PM 2.5 exposure at midgestation was associated with asthma development by age 6 years in boys. Methods to better characterize vulnerable windows may provide insight into underlying mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Particulate Air Pollution and Asthma Onset in Urban Children. Identifying Sensitive Windows and Sex Differences

Hsu¹,

Chiu²,

Coull

et al. 2015

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

Self Cite

275

104

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“…According to the Barker hypothesis that organs undergo developmental programming in utero that predetermines subsequent physiologic and metabolic adaptations during adult life (Miller and Ho, 2008), the prenatal environmental exposures influence developmental plasticity and result in altered programming, which is responsible for lasting functional changes of organs that lead to the development of a variety of complex diseases. In addition, the prenatal window represents a critical period in which the developing immune system may be primed toward an allergic phenotype (Prescott, 2010;Wright and Brunst, 2013). Allergic diseases were characterized by dominant T helper 2 (Th2) mechanisms (Farooqi and Hopkin, 1998).…”

Section: Eczema Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to outdoor air pollution during trimesters of pregnancy and childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema

Deng

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

256

112

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“…[74, 75] As discussed earlier, these birth outcomes have long-term implications on cardiovascular disease risk and health. Whether there is an independent direct effect of early life air pollutant exposure on subsequent CVD risk is unknown but, developmental effects or “programming” of respiratory anatomy and function by early life air pollutant exposure has been suggested, perhaps as a result of oxidative stress[76]. Cognitive effects have also been proposed as a result of the pro-inflammatory responses common in children exposed to air pollution such as high levels of inflammatory cytokines and associated tissue remodeling and regulatory immune responses[77].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease

et al. 2014

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Although cardiovascular disease has traditionally been viewed as a condition of aging individuals, increasing focus has turned to its developmental origins. Since birthweight has been related to cardiovascular disease risk, research into factors such as gravid conditions that affect fetal growth have grown. Associations between maternal diabetes and childhood obesity from sibling studies suggest a causal role but prospective studies of gestational diabetes remain mixed. Preeclampsia and increased offspring blood pressure has been consistently observed but evidence for other cardiovascular outcomes is lacking. While maternal obesity is associated with childhood obesity, causality remains unclear and paternal obesity should be investigated as an independent risk factor. Environmental chemical exposures in utero, particularly obesogens, are now emerging as another concern, as is conception by infertility treatment. Few studies have investigated subclinical measures of endothelial function or atherosclerosis and more research in these areas may help reveal the underlying pathogenesis.

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Programming of respiratory health in childhood

Cited by 94 publications

References 128 publications

Prenatal Particulate Air Pollution and Asthma Onset in Urban Children. Identifying Sensitive Windows and Sex Differences

Prenatal Particulate Air Pollution and Asthma Onset in Urban Children. Identifying Sensitive Windows and Sex Differences

Exposure to outdoor air pollution during trimesters of pregnancy and childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema

Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease

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