Progress in arctic air chemistry, 1977–1980: A comparison of the first and second symposia

Rahn, Kenneth A.; Heidam, Niels Z.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(81)90339-5

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…Since aerosol composition measurements began in the Arctic about four decades ago, when the average composition of the submicron aerosol during winter-spring was estimated to be 2 µg m −3 of sulfate, 1 µg m −3 of organic compounds, 0.3-0.5 µg m −3 of BC and a few tenths of a µg m −3 of other substances (Rahn and Heidam, 1981), sulfate and equivalent BC (BC estimated from particle light absorption) during winter-spring have declined at three of the four northernmost observatories: Alert, Nunavut; Mount Zeppelin, Svalbard; Station Nord, Greenland (Heidam et al, 1999;Hirdman et al, 2010). There have been no significant trends in either sulfate or BC at the observatory in Barrow, Alaska (Hirdman et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic functional groups in the submicron aerosol at 82.5° N, 62.5° W from 2012 to 2014

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The first multi-year contributions from organic functional groups to the Arctic submicron aerosol are documented using 126 weekly-integrated samples collected from April 2012 to October 2014 at the Alert Observatory (82.45 • N, 62.51 • W). Results from the particle transport model FLEXPART, linear regressions among the organic and inorganic components and positive matrix factorization (PMF) enable associations of organic aerosol components with source types and regions. Lower organic mass (OM) concentrations but higher ratios of OM to non-sea-salt sulfate mass concentrations (nss-SO = 4 ) accompany smaller particles during the summer (JJA). Conversely, higher OM but lower OM / nss-SO = 4 accompany larger particles during winter-spring. OM ranges from 7 to 460 ng m −3 , and the study average is 129 ng m −3 . The monthly maximum in OM occurs during May, 1 month after the peak in nss-SO = 4 and 2 months after that of elemental carbon (EC). Winter (DJF), spring (MAM), summer and fall (SON) values of OM / nss-SO = 4 are 26, 28, 107 and 39 %, respectively, and overall about 40 % of the weekly variability in the OM is associated with nss-SO = 4 . Respective study-averaged concentrations of alkane, alcohol, acid, amine and carbonyl groups are 57, 24, 23, 15 and 11 ng m −3 , representing 42, 22, 18, 14 and 5 % of the OM, respectively. Carbonyl groups, detected mostly during spring, may have a connection with snow chemistry. The seasonally highest O / C occurs during winter (0.85) and the lowest O / C is during spring (0.51); increases in O / C are largely due to increases in alcohol groups. During winter, more than 50 % of the alcohol groups are associated with primary marine emissions, consistent with Shaw et al. (2010) and Frossard et al. (2011). A secondary marine connection, rather than a primary source, is suggested for the highest and most persistent O / C observed during the coolest and cleanest summer (2013), when alcohol and acid groups made up 63 % of the OM. A secondary marine source may be a general feature of the summer OM, but higher contributions from alkane groups to OM during the warmer summers of 2012 (53 %) and 2014 (50 %) were likely due to increased contributions from combustion sources. Evidence for significant contributions from biomass burning (BB) was present in 4 % of the weeks. During the dark months (NDJF), 29, 28 and 14 % of the nss-SO = 4 , EC and OM were associated with transport times over the gas flaring region of northern Russia and other parts of Eurasia. During spring, those percentages dropped to 11 % for each of nss-SO = 4 and EC values, respectively, and there is no association of OM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic functional groups in the submicron aerosol at 82.5° N, 62.5° W from 2012 to 2014

et al. 2018

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“…The mechanism of transport of DDT from continents to oceans, Goldberg (1975) coined the term 'global distillation'. This effect is also called as the 'cold trap' (Rahn & Heidam, 1981), the 'cold condensation' (Ottar, 1981), or the 'cold finger' (Weschler, 1981). It is identified from a recent study that the chronic spatial distribution patterns of organochlorine chemicals has increased in recent years due to the physico-chemical characteristics of these substances and some particular characteristic features of cold environments (Wania & Mackay, 1993).…”

Section: The Global Distillation/fractionation Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Environmental and Human Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants

Jacob¹,

Cherian²

2013

ASS

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Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have a very long life and they persist in the environment for a very long time and have a long life in soils, sediments, air or biota. There has been a recent upsurge of interest in the development of low cost reliable measures which are required in order to detect and trace current concentration levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) as a result of increasing levels of accumulation within the living organism, transformation as well as toxicity making it ideal to examine the impact on the environment which has been the focus of this review. There are still debates that rage around the issue including relevance of some physio pathologic effects of POPs on the human body along with epidemiological and clinical effects on the human population. Hence in this review there is examination, debating and presenting of arguments in relation to the sources, properties and types of POPs in the atmosphere along with examining the toxicity, analytical techniques and monitoring of atmospheric and biological concentration of POPs in the human population.

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“…Cold temperatures can induce their deposition and accumulation in Arctic environmental media, thus resulting in the so-called cold-trapping effect (Rahn and Heidam 1981). Since their physical-chemical properties vary with temperature, climate change will affect their fate in the environment, influencing the observed concentrations and trends in the Arctic.…”

Section: Atmospheric Transport and Behaviour Of Toxic Pollutants In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected topics in arctic atmosphere and climate

et al. 2012

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This paper summarizes the main elements of four IPYprojects that examine the Arctic Atmosphere. All four projects focus on present conditions with a view to anticipating possible climate change. All four investigate the Arctic atmosphere, ocean, ice, and land interfacial surfaces. One project uses computer models to simulate the dynamics of the Arctic atmosphere, storms, and their interactions with the ocean and ice interface. Another project uses statistical methods to infer transports of pollutants as simulated in large-scale global atmospheric and oceanic models verifying results with available observations. A third project focuses on measurements of pollutants at the ice-ocean-atmosphere interface, with reference to model estimates. The fourth project is concerned with multiple, high accuracy measurements at Eureka in the Canadian Archipelago. While these projects are distinctly different, led by different teams and interdisciplinary collaborators, with different technical approaches and methodologies, and differing objectives, they all strive to understand the processes of the Arctic atmosphere and climate, and to lay the basis for projections of future changes. Key findings include:• Decreased sea ice leads to more intense storms, higher winds, reduced surface albedo, increased surface air temperature, and enhanced vertical mixing in the upper ocean. • Arctic warming may affect toxic chemicals by remobilizing persistent organic pollutants and augmenting mercury deposition/retention in the environment.• Changes in sea ice can dramatically change processes in and at the ice surface related to ozone, mercury and bromine oxide and related chemical/physical properties.• Structure and properties of the Arctic atmospheric-troposphere to stratosphere-and tracking of transport of pollution and smoke plumes from mid-latitudes to the poles.

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Progress in arctic air chemistry, 1977–1980: A comparison of the first and second symposia

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Organic functional groups in the submicron aerosol at 82.5° N, 62.5° W from 2012 to 2014

Organic functional groups in the submicron aerosol at 82.5° N, 62.5° W from 2012 to 2014

Review of Environmental and Human Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants

Selected topics in arctic atmosphere and climate

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Progress in arctic air chemistry, 1977–1980: A comparison of the first and second symposia

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Organic functional groups in the submicron aerosol at 82.5° N, 62.5° W from 2012 to 2014

Organic functional groups in the submicron aerosol at 82.5° N, 62.5° W from 2012 to 2014

Review of Environmental and Human Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants

Selected topics in arctic atmosphere and climate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Organic functional groups in the submicron aerosol at 82.5° N, 62.5° W from 2012 to 2014

Organic functional groups in the submicron aerosol at 82.5° N, 62.5° W from 2012 to 2014