2010
DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.026704
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Progress in rare-earth-doped mid-infrared fiber lasers

Abstract: The progress, and current challenges, in fabricating rare-earth-doped chalcogenide-glass fibers for developing mid-infrared (IR) fiber lasers are reviewed. For the first time a coherent explanation is forwarded for the failure to date to develop a gallium-lanthanum-sulfide glass mid-IR fiber laser. For the more covalent chalcogenide glasses, the importance of optimizing the glass host and glass processing routes in order to minimize non-radiative decay and to avoid rare earth ion clustering and glass devitrifi… Show more

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Cited by 293 publications
(184 citation statements)
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“…The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of arsenic chalcogenides when excited by light with ħω ≈ E g (E g is an optical bandgap energy) lies at about half the optical gap, which means that PL undergoes a strong Stokes shift, and it appears as a broad Gaussianshaped spectrum with a peak energy E PL approximately at E PL ≈ E g /2 [3][4][5]. Developments in photonics applications highlighted the chalcogenide glass as a host for rare-earth ions [1,[6][7][8][9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of arsenic chalcogenides when excited by light with ħω ≈ E g (E g is an optical bandgap energy) lies at about half the optical gap, which means that PL undergoes a strong Stokes shift, and it appears as a broad Gaussianshaped spectrum with a peak energy E PL approximately at E PL ≈ E g /2 [3][4][5]. Developments in photonics applications highlighted the chalcogenide glass as a host for rare-earth ions [1,[6][7][8][9].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A recent review of the progress on ZBLAN glass based MIR fiber laser technology is given in [3]. Achieving longer wavelengths requires primarily the development of suitable lower phonon energy host glass materials so that the lanthanide radiative transitions that correspond to mid-infrared wavelengths are not quenched by the multiphonon transitions [4,5]. One of the candidates to become a host material for the midinfrared fiber lasers is the chalcogenide glass.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…250 cm -1 ) for efficient RE radiative processes and high refractive indices (ca. 2.2-3.5) for large RE absorption and emission cross-sections [1]. Fig.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 90%