“…Among these techniques, membrane separation has attracted a great deal of attention, especially for the removal of small organic molecules and high-valence inorganic salts [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Studies of membranes have aided in the development of various research fields, including wastewater treatment [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], the pharmaceutical industry [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], food processing [ 13 , 14 ], and bioengineering [ 15 , 16 ]. During the separation process, both steric hindrance and the electrostatic repulsion effect determine the specific performance of a membrane [ 17 ].…”