Progress in the HIV epidemic: Identifying goals and measuring success

Jones, Jeb; Sullivan, Patrick S.; Curran, James W.

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002729

Cited by 64 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Multiple sex partners and low rates of active HIV test were common among individuals infected with HIV‐1 CRF07_BC in Nanjing, consistent with our previous study 27 . These HIV risk behaviors continue to pose a great challenge to public health programs designed to reduce HIV incidence 28 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The evolutionary and transmission characteristic of HIV‐1 CRF07_BC in Nanjing, Jiangsu

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To understand the epidemiology, evolutionary and transmission characteristics of HIV‐1 CRF07_BC in Nanjing, China. One hundred and fifty‐nine patients with HIV‐1 CRF07_BC were recruited. DNA sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and molecular transmission cluster analysis were conducted to determine the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary characteristics. Of these HIV‐1‐infected patients, 95.6% were male, and men who sex with men (76.7%) were the main transmission route. Only 34.0% of these cases were born in Nanjing, and most of them (64.8%) reported having multiple sex partners in the last 6 months. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of HIV‐1 CRF07_BC revealed two lineages. Overall, 67.3% of Nanjing sequences were connected to at least one other individual distributed in 11 clusters, and the average degree was 21.2 with range (1‐178). The clustered patients were more likely to be male. The time to a most recent common ancestor for the early HIV‐1 CRF07_BC circulating in Nanjing was estimated to be 1998.71[1997.36‐2001.07]. The mean estimated evolutionary rate for the epidemic cluster was slightly lower at 2.38[2.12‐2.65] × 10−3 per site per year with the relaxed exponential clock model. HIV‐1 CRF07_BC was transmitted into Nanjing more than 20 years ago from Yunnan and has become one of the most predominant subtypes with a higher evolutionary rate than before.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The evolutionary and transmission characteristic of HIV‐1 CRF07_BC in Nanjing, Jiangsu

et al. 2020

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…ART has enabled a reduction in HIV transmission, a prolonged life span, and an improved quality of life for PLHIV (45). However, limitations of lifelong adherence to therapy including drug resistance, medication-induced adverse events, and serious non-AIDS events have highlighted the need for a functional cure of infection that aims at achieving long-term drug-free remission in HIV-infected individuals in the absence of an efficacious vaccine or curative strategy (46,47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delineation of Homeostatic Immune Signatures Defining Viremic Non-progression in HIV-1 Infection

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Viremic non-progressors (VNPs), a distinct group of HIV-1-infected individuals, exhibit no signs of disease progression and maintain persistently elevated CD4+ T cell counts for several years despite high viral replication. Comprehensive characterization of homeostatic cellular immune signatures in VNPs can provide unique insights into mechanisms responsible for coping with viral pathogenesis as well as identifying strategies for immune restoration under clinically relevant settings such as antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure. We report a novel homeostatic signature in VNPs, the preservation of the central memory CD4+ T cell (CD4+ T CM) compartment. In addition, CD4+ T CM preservation was supported by ongoing interleukin-7 (IL-7)-mediated thymic repopulation of naive CD4+ T cells leading to intact CD4+ T cell homeostasis in VNPs. Regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion was found to be a function of preserved CD4+ T cell count and CD4+ T cell activation independent of disease status. However, in light of continual depletion of CD4+ T cell count in progressors but not in VNPs, Tregs appear to be involved in lack of disease progression despite high viremia. In addition to these homeostatic mechanisms resisting CD4+ T cell depletion in VNPs, a relative diminution of terminally differentiated effector subset was observed exclusively in these individuals that might ameliorate consequences of high viral replication. VNPs also shared signatures of impaired CD8+ T cell cytotoxic function with progressors evidenced by increased exhaustion (PD-1 upregulation) and CD127 (IL-7Rα) downregulation contributing to persistent viremia. Thus, the homeostatic immune signatures reported in our study suggest a complex multifactorial mechanism accounting for non-progression in VNPs.

show abstract

“…While the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) undoubtedly remains a disease responsible for a substantial number of deaths, great progress has been made in constraining it [1]. Supported largely by widespread testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART), referred to as treatment as prevention (TasP) [2,3,4], the annual number of AIDS-related deaths worldwide decreased from 1.9 million in 2005 to less than one million in 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Proportion of Diagnosed People Living with HIV/AIDS among Foreign Residents in Japan

Shimizu

Nishiura

Imamura

2019

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Foreign residents represent an increasing proportion of newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases in Japan, though scant research has addressed this. This study aimed to estimate the diagnosed proportion of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among foreign residents in Japan, covering 1990–2017 and stratifying by geographic region of the country of origin. A balance equation model was employed to statistically estimate the diagnosed proportion as a single parameter. This used published estimates of HIV incidence and prevalence, population size, visit duration, travel volume, as well as surveillance data on HIV/AIDS in Japan. The proportion varied widely by region: People from Western Europe, East Asia and the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand, and North America were underdiagnosed, while those from sub-Saharan Africa, South and South-East Asia, and Latin America were more frequently diagnosed. Overall, the diagnosed proportion of PLWHA among foreign residents in Japan has increased, but the latest estimate in 2017 was as low as 55.3%; lower than the estimate among Japanese on the order of 80% and far below the quoted goal of 90%. This finding indicates a critical need to investigate the underlying mechanisms, including disparate access to HIV testing.

show abstract

Progress in the HIV epidemic: Identifying goals and measuring success

Cited by 64 publications

References 18 publications

The evolutionary and transmission characteristic of HIV‐1 CRF07_BC in Nanjing, Jiangsu

The evolutionary and transmission characteristic of HIV‐1 CRF07_BC in Nanjing, Jiangsu

Delineation of Homeostatic Immune Signatures Defining Viremic Non-progression in HIV-1 Infection

Investigation of the Proportion of Diagnosed People Living with HIV/AIDS among Foreign Residents in Japan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About