“…These taxa, including Carpinus (hornbeam), Carya (hickory), Corylus (hazel), Juglans (walnut), Pterocarya (wingnut), deciduous Quercus (oak), Tilia (lime), Ulmus (elm), and Tsuga (hemlock), represent warmer vegetation types (i.e., cool conifer forest, cool mixed forest and temperate deciduous forest) that did not grow in the northern and northeastern parts of Asia under the extremely cold and continental climate conditions of the late Quaternary, but possibly occurred in the region close to Lake El'gygytgyn during the earlier, much warmer than present intervals . In order to consider the whole range of the Lake El'gygytgyn pollen taxa and less continental boreal and temperate forest biomes that appear in the modern vegetation of the southern Russian Far East (e.g., Mokhova et al, 2009), northern Japan (e.g., Takahara et al, 2010 and China (e.g., Yu et al, 1998), the biome-taxon matrix applied here (Table 1) was extended using the published matrixes tested with the surface modern pollen data from the respective regions of Asia Mokhova et al, 2009;Tarasov et al, 2011).…”