Progress in understanding adjuvant immunotoxicity mechanisms

Batista-Duharte, Alexander; Lindblad, Erik B.; Oviedo‐Orta, Ernesto

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.03.001

Cited by 131 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…This finding has interesting applications for the routine production of antibodies with biotechnological and diagnostic purposes, because immunizations without classical adjuvants are much easier, cheaper, faster, and less painful 450 for animals. The contraindications and negative health effects of the adjuvants employed in animal experimentation, including FA, have been widely described, [67,83] and the painful consequences for the skin are also well known. In our experiments, rabbits showed no skin damage, no wounds, and no apparent negative reactions when subcutaneously injected with CNT constructs in buffer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotube-protein carriers enhance size-dependent self-adjuvant antibody response to haptens

Parra

Abad‐Somovilla

Mercader

et al. 2013

Journal of Controlled Release

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanomaterials with interesting emerging applications. Their 25 properties makes CNTs excellent candidates for use as new nanovehicles in drug delivery, immunization and diagnostics. In the current study, we assessed the immune-response-amplifying properties of CNTs to haptens by using azoxystrobin, the first developed strobilurin fungicide, as a model analyte. An azoxystrobin derivative bearing a carboxylated spacer arm (hapten AZc6) was covalently coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the resulting BSA-AZc6 conjugate was 30 covalently linked to four functionalized CNTs of different shapes and sizes, varying in diameter and length. These four types of CNT-based constructs were obtained using efficient, fast, and easy functionalization procedures based on microwave-assisted chemistry. New Zealand rabbits and BALB/c mice were immunized with BSA-AZc6 alone and with the four CNT-BSA-AZc6 constructs, both with and without Freund's adjuvant. The IgG-type antibody responses were assessed 35 in terms of the titer and affinity, paying special attention to the relationship between the immune response and the size and shape of the employed CNTs. Immunization with CNT-BSA-AZc6 resulted in enhanced titers and excellent affinities for azoxystrobin. More important, remarkable IgG responses were obtained even in the absence of an adjuvant, thus proving the self-adjuvanting capability of CNTs. Immunogens were able to produce strong anti-azoxystrobin immune responses 40 in rabbits even when administered at a BSA-AZc6 conjugate dose as low as 0.05 g. The short and thick CNT-BSA-AZc6 construct produced the best antibody response under all tested conditions.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotube-protein carriers enhance size-dependent self-adjuvant antibody response to haptens

Parra

Abad‐Somovilla

Mercader

et al. 2013

Journal of Controlled Release

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“…Saponin has the antioxidant effect [22], antiglycation [22,23], anti-inflammatory [24], surfactant activity due to amphipathic nature [25], complexation with cholesterol and causes hemolysis in erythrocyte on iv, enhance proteins penetration through membranes and augment the cytotoxicity of targeted immunotoxins directed against human cancer cells [26]. Researchers also in line with the present finding where DP had shown to have anticancer and free radical scavenging potency by means of anticancer activity on cell proliferation inhibition and inducing apoptosis of breast cancer cell lines T47D and MCF-7 [21,27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Dendrophthoe Pentandra Ethyl Acetate Extract as Potential Anticancer Candidate on Safety and Toxicity Aspects

Sul’ain¹,

Yee²,

Fauzi³

et al. 2017

JAPLR

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In the present study, the safety and toxicity of Dendrophthoe pentandra (DP) extracted using ethyl acetate were investigated. DP ethyl acetate (DPEA) extract was screened for its phytochemical constituents using standard procedure and active compounds present in DPEA extract were determined using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS), the toxicity of DPEA extract was investigated using brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) while the heavy metal content of DP plant was detected using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and the cytotoxicity effect of DPEA extract on selected cell lines (HeLa, L929, Glioma, MD-AMB 231, Hep G2 and MCF-7) was determined through MTT assay. The results showed that DPEA extract consist of wide range of bioactive compounds including tannins, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids. The crude extract contained 1.33% alkaloid, 2.67% flavonoid and 14.87±0.2µg/g total phenolic content. Heavy metals such as copper, zinc and manganese were present below the maximum permissible level. GC-MS result revealed the presence of 39 compounds and out of that, only decanoic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid and betasitosterol were suggested to contribute to the medicinal use of DP. The LC 50 of DPEA extract was underdetermined and was predicted above 1000 ppm and DPEA extract showed antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 and L929 with IC 50 of 4.72±0.52µg/ml and 18.12±3.46µg/ml respectively. Thus, the result of the present study revealed that DP plant is relatively safe and can be considered as possible candidates with promising potency to be developed as new chemotherapeutic agent.

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“…The European Medicines Agency (EMEA) has approved only 5. [7][8][9][10][11][12] The tradeoff between efficacy and safety is evident in recent global experiences with influenza vaccines. Comparisons of adjuvanted to unadjuvanted vaccines in different populations consistently show that rates of seroconversion with adjuvanted vaccines is higher than with unadjuvanted vaccines, but that rates of injection site reactogenicity are also higher with the former.…”

Section: Potential Role Of Lasers As Vaccine Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[63][64][65][66] In 1978, the copper vapor laser was clinically introduced in Russia. Unlike the continuous laser light emitted by helium-neon lasers, copper vapor (CV) lasers release very short duration pulses (10-25 ns) at very high repetition rates (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). CV laser light is emitted at 2 wavelengths-about 510 and 580 nm-representing the yellow-green part of the visible light spectrum.…”

Section: History Of Laser Vaccine Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%