Progress of graphdiyne-based materials for anodes of alkali metal ion batteries

Abstract

Graphdiyne (GDY) based materials are carbon allotrope with 2D planer structure composed of diacetylene bonds (sp) and sp2 hybridized carbons. The unique geometrical and electronic structure make them excellent in electrochemical properties. The larger specific surface area and ion diffusion channels in pores can provide more storage sites for alkali metal ions and increase the diffusion rate of electrons and ions. Hence, they possess broad prospects in electrochemical energy storage and have gained more favor as anode materials for alkali ion batteries. Here, we have made a systematic summary on GDY-based materials and their derivatives, including the geometrical and electronic structures, synthesis, modifications, storage mechanisms of Li+/Na+/K+, along with the applications in Li+/Na+/K+ batteries. In view of the current situation, the large-scale application of GDY-based materials as anode in alkali ion batteries is still a greater challenge. We hope that this work can provide a theoretical basis for the GDY-based materials with superior performance, more convenient and safer preparation, and higher yield.

Graphynes and Graphdiynes for Energy Storage and Catalytic Utilization: Theoretical Insights into Recent Advances

“…The fascinating electrical and mechanical properties of GDY, including ample pores, abundant chemical bonds, and so on, could give GDY great promising advantages in fabricating PIBs. 234 Lian et al predicted that K + could be effectively stored in monolayer and trilayer GDY as C 14 K 18 and C 42 K 32 , respectively, with theoretical capacities of 2870 and 1700 mAh g −1 . 235 The excellent K + storage performance of GDY can be attributed to the large pore size of C-rings.…”

“…When compared to Li + and Na + , K + ’s larger size (1.38 Å) causes potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) to suffer from low transportation in the electrode, which can have a negative impact on overall performance. The fascinating electrical and mechanical properties of GDY, including ample pores, abundant chemical bonds, and so on, could give GDY great promising advantages in fabricating PIBs . Lian et al predicted that K + could be effectively stored in monolayer and trilayer GDY as C 14 K 18 and C 42 K 32 , respectively, with theoretical capacities of 2870 and 1700 mAh g –1 .…”

Recent Progress on Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Sodium-Ion Storage

“…Due to the advantages such as low price, environmental friendliness, ion storability and high conductivity, carbon materials have become the optimal selection in the range of potential SIBs electrode materials [31]. Carbon materials manifest themselves as various hybridized forms of sp, sp 2 , and sp 3 that produce many allotropes with different physicochemical properties [31][32][33][34].…”

“…Due to the advantages such as low price, environmental friendliness, ion storability and high conductivity, carbon materials have become the optimal selection in the range of potential SIBs electrode materials [31]. Carbon materials manifest themselves as various hybridized forms of sp, sp 2 , and sp 3 that produce many allotropes with different physicochemical properties [31][32][33][34]. Graphene, the typical representative of the sp 2 -hybridized carbon materials composed of six-membered rings with a honeycomb structure, shows a broad application in catalysis, sensor, energy storage and other fields [35][36][37][38].…”

“…Benefitting from the excellent electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, structure controllable and good compatibility with other materials, graphene and its derived structures, such as graphene aerogel, stacked graphene layers and graphene foam have been used as the electrode for SIBs [47]. However, the pristine graphene has certain limitations in energy storage and insertion/deintercalation of sodium ions process because it does not provide sufficient active sites and the ideal amount of functional groups for enough interaction with sodium ions [31,48,49].…”