2010
DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-4158-4
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Progress of marine biofouling and antifouling technologies

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Cited by 224 publications
(144 citation statements)
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“…For example, copper NMs and its oxides are used as an alternative additive in antifouling paints since in a nano-particulate form, copper dissolution can be very slow, releasing ions into the environment over extended periods of time (Cao et al, 2011). Some of these NMs may be released from antifouling paint matrices into the aquatic environment, where they can exert their toxic effects in non-target organisms (Rawat et al, 2010).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, copper NMs and its oxides are used as an alternative additive in antifouling paints since in a nano-particulate form, copper dissolution can be very slow, releasing ions into the environment over extended periods of time (Cao et al, 2011). Some of these NMs may be released from antifouling paint matrices into the aquatic environment, where they can exert their toxic effects in non-target organisms (Rawat et al, 2010).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The principal biocide component in most of the antifouling coatings used today is copper (Cu), sometimes zinc (Zn) compounds or organic boosters are also used, as well as combinations of different biocides (Cao et al, 2011;Guardiola et al, 2012). Although copper, the predominantly applied biocide today, results in less toxicity compared to TBT, it is still toxic to the non-target sea organisms, inhibiting photosynthesis and Krebs cycle enzymes, inducing oxidative stress and mutations, and altering reproductive abilities (Fitridge et al, 2012;references therein;Guardiola et al, 2012).…”
Section: Biocides In the Antifouling Coatingsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Biological antifouling methods are based either on the secretion of enzymes or metabolites (Cao et al, 2011), and there are many substances with antifouling properties isolated from marine microorganisms, invertebrates or plants (Acevedo et al, 2013;Qian et al, 2010). Furthermore, new physical methods are under development that aim to modify the surface properties (zeta potential, topography, and wettability) and that way alter the biofouling processes (Cao et al, 2011 and references therein).…”
Section: Alternative Antifouling Technologies E Ongoing Research and mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Non-fouling materials that resist cell adhesion are very important in fundamental research of cell-biomaterial interactions and some material applications and have thus been extensively investigated during the last decade [1][2][3][4][5]. Natural biomacromolecules, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), have also conventionally been used to block cell adhesion [6,7].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%