Progress of Photodynamic and RNAi Combination Therapy in Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive and effective local treatment for cancers that produces selective damage to target tissues and cells. However, PDT alone is unlikely to completely inhibit tumor metastasis and/or local tumor recurrence. RNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon of gene silencing mediated by exogenous or endogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNAi has entered a golden period of development, with the approval of four treatments employing RNAi. PDT in combination with RNAi therapy to inhibit related targets has been a research hotspot, with better clinical outcomes than monotherapy. In this review, the progress of PDT and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting different genes is discussed, while the achievements of the combined immunotherapy are reviewed.

mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 and diverse diseases

“…Once inside, the cationic lipids are removed by the endogenous anionic lipids and resulting in the release of mRNA in to the cytoplasm [ 118 ]. Currently, the LNP is a prospective mRNA delivering vector due to better biocompatibility and high delivery efficiency [ 119 , 120 ].…”

Unprotonatable and ROS‐Sensitive Nanocarrier for NIR Spatially Activated siRNA Therapy with Synergistic Drug Effect

“…Furthermore, the ROS generated by NIR irradiation were also capable to work for PDT which was combined with siRNA drug for synergistic antitumor therapy. [43][44][45] Therefore, the co-delivery of siRNAs and PSs using the quaternary ammonium group-based cationic polymers is in favor of achieving three aims: i) siRNA degradation in the normal cells; ii) spatially controlled siRNA activation in the tumor cells; iii) synergistic antitumor therapy.…”

Ionizable liposomal siRNA therapeutics enables potent and persistent treatment of Hepatitis B

“… 9 – 11 Given the ability to knock down, in essence, any gene of interest, RNAi via siRNAs has generated a great deal of interest in both basic research and clinical application. 12 , 13 siRNA-based therapeutics have shown promising prospects for treating genetic diseases, metabolic diseases, virus-infection diseases, ophthalmic diseases, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and various solid tumors. 9 , 10 , 14 However, developing efficient and safe delivery materials always is the most challenging but ineluctable mission siRNA therapeutic development in the field.…”

“… 9 , 10 , 14 However, developing efficient and safe delivery materials always is the most challenging but ineluctable mission siRNA therapeutic development in the field. 9 , 10 , 13 Consequently, various delivery platforms based on either biological agents (such as exosome, peptide, antibody, aptamer, etc. ), 15 – 20 or chemical materials (such as liposome, polymer, dendrimer, inorganic nanoparticles, ligand-siRNA conjugate, etc.…”