Progress of Porous/Lattice Structures Applied in Thermal Management Technology of Aerospace Applications

Liu, Jian; Xu, Mengyao; Zhang, Rongdi; Zhang, Xirui; Xi, Wenxiong

doi:10.3390/aerospace9120827

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…In addition to that, porous lattice structures provide a large surface area, which results in improved heat transfer characteristics. [192][193][194][195] For this reason, lattice materials are widely utilized in aircraft systems, including heat exchangers, Reproduced under the terms of the CC-BY license. [182] Copyright 2021, Elsevier.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements in Design Optimization of Lattice‐Structured Materials

et al. 2023

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Metamaterials, also known as lattice‐structured materials, imitate the multifunctionality of natural architects as tailoring their physical properties is associated with manipulating their microstructure. As the recent evolution of additive manufacturing enables the creation of intricate geometries with minimal material wastage, improving the design to manufacturing cycle of lattice structured materials has become one of the trending research areas. Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) and plate lattice materials are renowned for their exceptional mechanical behavior in lightweight applications. Apparently, several types of design optimization strategies are explored to maximize their performance for better biocompatibility and mechanical loading resistance. Some of these strategies include functional gradation and multimorphology hybridization that are comprehensively described in this review. Their benefits and drawbacks are highlighted with a focus on TPMS and plate lattice materials. The review anticipates the utilization of automated design exploration methods (i.e., topology optimization and data‐driven methods) to further enhance the design optimization procedure of lattice structured materials.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advancements in Design Optimization of Lattice‐Structured Materials

et al. 2023

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“…The mass of thermal protection makes a significant contribution to the total mass of the spacecraft bus comparable to the mass of the payload. One of the promising directions to reduce the relative weight of multilayer thermal protection systems for spacecraft is linked to the use of ultra-light heat-insulating materials in their construction [5][6][7][8][9]. Highly porous open-cell carbon materials have great potential here due to their low density, high rigidity, sufficient compressive strength, and low thermal conductivity [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Aerospace Vehicles’ Thermal Protection Based on Heat-Insulating Materials with Optimal Structure

et al. 2023

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Highly porous open-cell carbon materials have great potential for use as high-temperature thermal insulation for space vehicles due to a unique combination of properties: low density, high rigidity, sufficient compressive strength, and low thermal conductivity. The physical properties of these materials essentially depend on their microstructure. This implies the possibility of constructing a new advanced technique for the optimal design of multilayer thermal protection systems for aerospace vehicles, taking into account the dependence of materials’ thermal properties on microstructure. The formulation of the optimization problem traditional to thermal design implies the determination of the layer thicknesses that provide a minimum specific mass of the thermal protection, subject to the specified constraints on the maximum temperatures in the layers. The novelty of this work lies in the fact that, along with the thickness of the layers, the design parameters include the cell diameter and porosity, which characterize the structure of highly porous cellular materials. The innovative part of the presented paper lies in the determination of cell diameter and the porosity of open-cell carbon foam together with the thickness of the layers for multilayer thermal insulation, ensuring the required operational temperature on the boundaries of the layers and a minimum of the total mass of the system. This article reveals new possibilities for using the numerical optimization method to determine the geometric parameters of the thermal protection system and the morphology of the materials used. A new methodology for designing heat-loaded structures based on the simultaneous selection of macro- and micro-parameters of the system is proposed. The basic principles of constructing an algorithm for designing a multilayer thermal protection system are outlined, taking into account the possibility of choosing the parameters of the highly porous materials’ structure. The reliability of the developed optimization method was verified by comparing the results of mathematical modeling with experimental data obtained for highly porous cellular materials with known microstructure parameters.

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“…A lattice structure is a class of lightweight structures with special mechanical, acoustic, thermal, and other physical properties constructed from one or more structural units (usually composed of rods, tubes, or plates) optimally combined in a specific way (periodic, topological, fractal, etc.) [ 7 ]. The performance of lattice structures is closely associated with cell characteristics, and their properties can be adjusted by manipulating the structural features of individual cells (e.g., cell connectivity or geometric dimensions).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with other types of porous structures, TPMS has two significant advantages: (1) the overall TPMS porous structure can be precisely described using mathematical expressions, and basic properties, such as porosity and specific surface area, can be controlled directly using the function expression parameters; (2) the TPMS surface is extremely smooth without sharp turns or connection points of pillar-based lattice porous structures, and the overall structure is interconnected, which not only reduces stress concentration but also facilitates the removal of powder during the manufacturing process. Compared to solid alloys, TPMS structures have properties such as being lightweight and having high specific strength [10], and their mechanical properties can be adjusted in a wide range [7,11]. In addition, some unique lattice structures can also endow materials with specific non-mechanical properties, such as magnetic, electric, and optical properties [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superior Mechanical Properties of Invar36 Alloy Lattices Structures Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Peng

Zhou

et al. 2023

Materials

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Invar36 alloy is a low expansion alloy, and the triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) structures have excellent lightweight, high energy absorption capacity and superior thermal and acoustic insulation properties. It is, however, difficult to manufacture by traditional processing methods. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) as a metal additive manufacturing technology, is extremely advantageous for forming complex lattice structures. In this study, five different TPMS cell structures, Gyroid (G), Diamond (D), Schwarz-P (P), Lidinoid (L), and Neovius (N) with Invar36 alloy as the material, were prepared using the LPBF process. The deformation behavior, mechanical properties, and energy absorption efficiency of these structures under different load directions were studied, and the effects and mechanisms of structure design, wall thickness, and load direction were further investigated. The results show that except for the P cell structure, which collapsed layer by layer, the other four TPMS cell structures all exhibited uniform plastic collapse. The G and D cell structures had excellent mechanical properties, and the energy absorption efficiency could reach more than 80%. In addition, it was found that the wall thickness could adjust the apparent density, relative platform stress, relative stiffness, energy absorption, energy absorption efficiency, and deformation behavior of the structure. Printed TPMS cell structures have better mechanical properties in the horizontal direction due to intrinsic printing process and structural design.

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Progress of Porous/Lattice Structures Applied in Thermal Management Technology of Aerospace Applications

Cited by 19 publications

References 143 publications

Recent Advancements in Design Optimization of Lattice‐Structured Materials

Recent Advancements in Design Optimization of Lattice‐Structured Materials

Design of Aerospace Vehicles’ Thermal Protection Based on Heat-Insulating Materials with Optimal Structure

Superior Mechanical Properties of Invar36 Alloy Lattices Structures Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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