Progress of Tumor Growth and Metastasis After Inoculation of B16FO Melanoma Cells in Kidney of Female Nude Mice Is Inhibited by a Novel Nutrient Mixture

Abstract

Background: Tumor metastasis is a major cause for most cancer-related deaths. Melanoma is a serious cancer that metastasizes to other areas of the body, including the lungs, liver, brain, bones, or lymph nodes. Currently used cancer therapies are ineffective with a high degree of toxicity and patient mortality. Thus, any successful treatment for melanoma must target metastasis. Methods: We studied the effect of a novel nutrient mixture (NM) containing ascorbic acid, lysine, proline, green tea extract, quercetin, and others, on the inhibition of melanoma growth and metastasis after inoculation of B16FO melanoma cells into the left kidney of female nude mice. Female athymic mice (n = 10) 8 to 10 weeks of age, were inoculated superficially in the left kidney with 5 × 10 5 B16FO melanoma cells in 100 µL of media. The right kidney was left untreated. After inoculation, the mice were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group (n = 5) was fed a regular rodent chow diet, and the test group was given the same diet supplemented with 0.5% NM. The animals in control and the test groups were sacrificed 2 weeks later. Each animal’s abdominal cavity was opened, and the kidneys, lungs, liver, and spleen were excised and examined for tumor growth and metastasis. Results: The kidneys in the control group weighed 25% to 30% more than those in the NM group due to colonization of B16FO melanoma cells. No metastasis to the liver or spleen was observed in either of the groups. However, severe lung metastasis was observed in the control group and mild to moderate metastasis was observed in the NM group. Conclusion: These results show that the NM is effective in mitigating the growth of tumors in the kidney and metastases to the lung.

Metastatic failure of B16FO melanoma cells inoculated in different and non-typical organs of athymic male nude mice and female C57BL6 mice

“…Our previous experiments have shown that B16FO melanoma cells were able to successfully metastasize when injected via the mouse tail vein, intratesticular, kidney and intraperitoneal or intrasplenic route. [13][14][15][16] However in this series of experiments we did not see metastasis of B16FO cells. This is not surprising since microenvironments and tumor- Cancer metastasis is a complex process and involves multiple steps.…”

“…13,14 When B16FO cells were injected into the spleen, we noted metastasis to the liver 15, and when the cells were injected into the kidney, metastasis was found in the lungs and spleen. 16 The aim of the current study is to investigate whether B16FO cells inoculated in the prostate, seminal vesicles and pancreas of male nude mice; and into the mammary pads of female C57BL6 and nude mice had the potential to metastasize to distant organs.…”

Inhibition of Autophagy Aggravates Arachis hypogaea L. Skin Extracts-Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells

“…Metastasis is the hallmark of cancer and the major cause of death in patients with melanoma and colorectal carcinoma [25,26]. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of AHE and AHE-2 extracts on the migration ability of highly metastatic B16F10 melanoma cells and SW480 CRC cells with wound-healing assays.…”

Pro- and Antioxidant Effects of Vitamin C in Cancer in correspondence to Its Dietary and Pharmacological Concentrations

“…Dietary vitamin C in combination with proline, lysine, and green tea extract was shown to inhibit invasion and metastasis as well as MMP secretion in many human cancer cell lines and animal models [131][132][133][134][135]. Vitamin C and its four derivatives, Asc-6-O-palmitate (Asc6Plm), Asc-2-Ophosphate (Asc2P), Asc-2-O-phosphate-6-O-palmitate (Asc2P6Plm), and Asc-5,6-benzylidene (Asc5,6Bz), inhibited the invasion of the human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells [136].…”