Progress on one-dimensional zinc oxide nanomaterials based photonic devices

Abstract

One-dimensional nanostructures hold the most attractive and excellent physiochemical characteristics which exhibit the paramount infl uence on the fundamental and technological nanoelectronic as well as nanophotonic applications. In this review article, we present a detailed introduction to the diverse synthetic procedures which can be utilized for the fabrication of single-, planar-and three-dimensional ZnO nanostructures. More specifi cally, a thorough discussion regarding luminescence characteristics of the one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures is presented for ultraviolet and visible regions. We summarize the room temperature spontaneous emission and stimulated emission along with the interaction of the incident beam with material cavity to produce resonant optical modes and low-temperature time resolved photoluminescence studies. The most recent published results on the white light emitting diodes fabricated with the combination of ZnO nanotubes with p-GaN and ZnO nanorods with p-organic polymers on glass and disposable paper are discussed. Additionally, the signifi cant results on optically and electrically pumped lasers are discussed; along with an overview on the future of ZnO nanostructures based photonic devices.

Correlation between structural and electronic order–disorder effects and optical properties in ZnO nanocrystals

“…[60][61][62][63] The UV peak is due to the excitonrecombination process while the visible emission centered at about $600 nm ranging from 480 to 800 nm is associated with oxygen vacancies due to the formation of deep levels in the band gap; this observation is also consistent with results reported by other groups. 7 In particular, Willander et al 61 have reported a comprehensive review on the subject.…”

“…Therefore characterization depends on the nature and structure of the imperfection and the electronic states of the solid. [59][60][61][62][63]67,68 In particular, all the defects discussed above play a key role in streamlining the physical and chemical properties of semiconductor materials directly associated with the structural and electronic order-disorder effects which can exist in ZnO nanocrystals with different charged states or in a neutral state typically represented by V [60][61][62][63]72,73 which are generated in the rapid crystallization of such materials during the MAH process, and have been reported in this study. In this case, experimental results presented in Fig.…”

“…The results indicate the relationship between the broad PL band and the degree of order-disorder in ZnO nanocrystals and are in agreement with other studies. 22,23,[60][61][62][63]67,68 A few years ago, we proposed a cluster model to explain complex metal oxide PL emissions of perovskite and scheelitebased materials. [73][74][75][76] In this model, the clusters are used as basic units of the materials to explain the structural and electronic order-disorder effects as well as their physical properties.…”

A flexible anisotropic self-powered piezoelectric direction sensor based on double sided ZnO nanowires configuration

“…The attraction to ZnO nanowires/nanostructures is due to many reasons such as the wide band gap (3.37 eV) combine with relatively large exciton binding energy (60 meV). Zinc oxide also possesses excellent chemical stability, electrical, optical, piezoelectric and pyro-electric properties [7][8][9]. Among the different methods of synthesis of ZnO NWs, the low temperature hydrothermal method is considered as a promising technique.…”

Effects of curing temperature on physical properties of hydrothermally-grown yttrium-doped ZnO nanorods

“…Since the direct bandgap semiconductor zinc-oxide (ZnO) has a large exciton binding energy (~60 meV), ZnO has been regarded as one of the most suitable candidates that can realize highly efficient exciton-lasing at room temperature [1,2]. In addition, ZnO is widely used for various functional devices such as gas sensors and photovoltaic devices [2][3][4][5][6].…”