Progress Report on Pertussis Immunization

Kendrick, Pearl L.; Eldering, Grace

doi:10.2105/ajph.26.1.8

Cited by 47 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Beginning in the mid-1940s, routine immunizations of children with pertussis vaccines was started in the United States, and this continued until the replacement of whole-cell vaccines with acellular pertussis vaccine in the late 1990s (136,147,149,(410)(411)(412)(413)(414)(415)(416)(417). Initial vaccines were monocomponent whole-cell pertussis vaccines, but by 1947 combination vaccines with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP) were available and recommended.…”

Section: B Pertussis Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Infections Due toBordetella pertussisand OtherBordetellaSubspecies

2005

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Bordetella respiratory infections are common in people (B. pertussis) and in animals (B. bronchiseptica). During the last two decades, much has been learned about the virulence determinants, pathogenesis, and immunity of Bordetella. Clinically, the full spectrum of disease due to B. pertussis infection is now understood, and infections in adolescents and adults are recognized as the reservoir for cyclic outbreaks of disease. DTaP vaccines, which are less reactogenic than DTP vaccines, are now in general use in many developed countries, and it is expected that the expansion of their use to adolescents and adults will have a significant impact on reducing pertussis and perhaps decrease the circulation of B. pertussis. Future studies should seek to determine the cause of the unique cough which is associated with Bordetella respiratory infections. It is also hoped that data gathered from molecular Bordetella research will lead to a new generation of DTaP vaccines which provide greater efficacy than is provided by today's vaccines

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Section: B Pertussis Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, and Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Infections Due toBordetella pertussisand OtherBordetellaSubspecies

2005

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“…Whole-cell pertussis vaccines, consisting of suspensions of inactivated B. pertussis, elicit humoral immunity to pertussis following intramuscular injection (477). Based on that concept, the first evidence of DTP vaccine efficacy was obtained from a clinical trial conducted during the 1929 pertussis outbreak in the Faroe Islands of Denmark (478,479). In the 1930s, many steps were taken to improve DTP vaccines, including increasing the number of inactivated B. pertussis bacteria in the vaccine, standardizing the methods used to grow and kill the bacteria, and using fresh, rapidly growing phase one bacteria as the inoculum (62,480).…”

Section: Dtp and Dtap Vaccines For Infants And Young Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYPertussis is a severe respiratory infection caused byBordetella pertussis, and in 2008, pertussis was associated with an estimated 16 million cases and 195,000 deaths globally. Sizeable outbreaks of pertussis have been reported over the past 5 years, and disease reemergence has been the focus of international attention to develop a deeper understanding of pathogen virulence and genetic evolution ofB. pertussisstrains. During the past 20 years, the scientific community has recognized pertussis among adults as well as infants and children. Increased recognition that older children and adolescents are at risk for disease and may transmitB. pertussisto younger siblings has underscored the need to better understand the role of innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immunity, including the role of waning immunity. Although recognition of adult pertussis has increased in tandem with a better understanding ofB. pertussispathogenesis, pertussis in neonates and adults can manifest with atypical clinical presentations. Such disease patterns make pertussis recognition difficult and lead to delays in treatment. Ongoing research using newer tools for molecular analysis holds promise for improved understanding of pertussis epidemiology, bacterial pathogenesis, bioinformatics, and immunology. Together, these advances provide a foundation for the development of new-generation diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.

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“…The titers obtained 1 week after the last injection are given in Table II. Seven rabbits injected with vaccines not more than 3 months after preparation gave titers ranging from 1:7,500 to 1:25,000. Definitely lower titersfrom 1:2,500 to 1:10,000-were obtained in 4 rabbits injected with vaccines stored in the cold room from 10 to 16 months. Vaccines 7 M and 7 CB tested before and after storage showed the greatest loss in ability to produce agglutinins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%