Progress Toward Measles Elimination — Western Pacific Region, 2013–2017

Hagan, José E; Kriss, Jennifer L.; Takashima, Yusuke; Mariano, Kayla Mae L; Pastore, Roberta; Grabovac, Varja; Dabbagh, Alya; Goodson, James L.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6717a3

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…( 1 , 2 ) Since the year 2000, a two-dose schedule for measles vaccination has been recommended by Global Measles Mortality Reduction and Regional Elimination: Strategic Plan, ( 2 ) organized by the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children’s Fund and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and substantial progress has been made towards measles elimination in countries that belong to the WHO Western Pacific Region. ( 3 , 4 ) Nevertheless, the virus has continued to circulate, causing multiple outbreaks in member countries and surrounding areas. ( 3 - 5 ) Since 2017, there has been a surge of global measles cases, especially in European countries, ( 6 ) and the chance of experiencing an outbreak in the Western Pacific Region has continued to be to be high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 3 , 4 ) Nevertheless, the virus has continued to circulate, causing multiple outbreaks in member countries and surrounding areas. ( 3 - 5 ) Since 2017, there has been a surge of global measles cases, especially in European countries, ( 6 ) and the chance of experiencing an outbreak in the Western Pacific Region has continued to be to be high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An investigation of a measles outbreak in Japan and Taiwan, China, March–May 2018

Shimizu

Kinoshita

Yoshii

et al. 2018

WPSAR

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ObjectiveTo investigate a measles outbreak that spread to Japan and China, Taiwan, China during March–May 2018, exploring the characteristics of the super-spreading event.MethodsA contact investigation of the index case and reconstruction of the epidemiological dynamics of measles transmission were conducted. Employing a mathematical model, the effective reproduction number was estimated for each generation of cases.Results and discussionA single index case gave rise to a total of 38 secondary cases, 33 in Japan and five in China, Taiwan, China. Subsequent chains of transmission were observed in highly vaccinated populations in both Japan and China, Taiwan, China. The effective reproduction number of the second generation was > 1 for both Japan and China, Taiwan, China. In Japan, the reproduction number was estimated to be < 1 during the third generation. Vaccination of susceptible individuals is essential to prevent secondary and tertiary transmission events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of a measles outbreak in Japan and Taiwan, China, March–May 2018

Shimizu

Kinoshita

Yoshii

et al. 2018

WPSAR

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“…The Ministry of Health in Vietnam asked JICA to support producing an MR combined vaccine, considering the benefits of a combined immunization strategy. POLYVAC successfully produced measles vaccine and the urgent supply of 5 million doses of monovalent measles vaccine to prevent a further expansion of measles outbreak in 2014 [7]. Technical transfer to produce MR vaccine started in 2013 using rubella Takahashi and measles AIK-C strains, and the results of a phase III clinical study are presented in this report.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Clinical Trial of Measles and Rubella Combined Vaccine Produced by POLYVAC in Vietnam

Hien¹,

Hương²,

Huong³

et al. 2018

OJPed

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A clinical trial of measles and rubella combined vaccine (MR: MRVAC) produced by POLYVAC was conducted in Vietnam in 2016. A total of 756 subjects were enrolled, and 504 were allocated to MRVAC and 252 to control MR vaccine groups. Paired sera were obtained in 733, and the number of subjects was 403 aged 1 -2 years, 164 aged 2 -18 years, and 166 aged 18 -45 years. Antibodies against measles and rubella viruses were evaluated by EIA. Most subjects had been immunized with a single dose of Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) measles vaccine at 9 months of age. Only 41 of 403 subjects aged 1 -2 years were negative for measles antibody before vaccination, and all became seroconverted. A serological response of more than a 2-fold increase against measles was noted in 214 (47%, 95% CI; 42.4% -51.6%) of 458 initially seropositive individuals immunized with MRVAC and 65 (28%, 95% CI; 22.3% -33.8%) of 234 in the control group, and geometric mean titer (GMT) after vaccination was 2 5.49-5.60 in MRVAC and 2 5.03-5.24 in control group. Seroconversion against rubella virus after immunization with MRVAC was noted in 267 (98.5%, 95% CI; 97.1% -100%) of 271 initially seronegative subjects, similar to that after immunization with control group. GMT after immunization with MRVAC was 2 4.88-5.11 significantly lower than that after immunization with control vaccine (2 5.59-5.80 ). Most subject ≥ 2 years of age had rubella antibody because of MR vaccination campaign and no significant serological response was observed in initially seronegatives. MRVAC was highly immunogenic and safe vaccine and the domestic production of MR vaccine would contribute to realizing the goal of eliminating measles and rubella.

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“…Participants in the present study were not targeted in supplementary immunization activities (SIA) using measles-containing vaccine in 2003 (target age, 9 months to 10 years) and 2010 (target age, 12-59 months), or in SIA using measles-and rubella-containing vaccine in 2014 (target age, 9-24 months), 2015 (target age, 1-14 years) and 2016 (target age, 16-17 years) [8]. Individuals over 29 years old as of 2014 thus had no public opportunities to undergo vaccination, and were likely to have been exposed to wild measles viruses leading to acquisition of immunity.…”

Section: Measlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The percentage of participants seropositive for rubella antibodies was 88.7% in the present study sample. This immunity would have been acquired via natural infection, because participants had no public opportunities for vaccination with rubella containing vaccines [8]. Women of childbearing age (20-49 years) were at higher risk of rubella infection (71.4-90.3% were seropositive, see additional le 3), below the WHO recommendation (95%) for the elimination of rubella and the prevention of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) [11,12].…”

Section: Measlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population immunity to measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella among adults in Khanh Hoa province, Socialist Republic of Vietnam; residual sample analysis from multistage cluster sampling survey

Thai¹,

Huynh²,

Vien³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective: Measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella are currently endemic in Vietnam, but population immunity to the four diseases among the general population has not been well investigated. This study measured specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G in 362 randomly selected adults between 20 and 70 years old, using residual serum samples to evaluate age-specific immunity to the four diseases in Khanh Hoa province.Results: Age-specific anti-measles IgG prevalence was lowest, at 89.3% (95% confidence interval 71.8–97.7%) at 20–24 years old, below the herd immunity threshold of 95% to prevent epidemics. About 71.4–90.3% of women of child-bearing age (20–49 years old) were seropositive for rubella, indicating that a certain proportion of babies are at risk of congenital rubella syndrome. A large proportion of young adults (20–29 years) are susceptible to mumps and varicella, with population immunity of 71.4–78.1% to mumps and 48.8–53.6% to varicella. Population-based seroprevalence surveys of both children and adults are needed to evaluate population immunity and improve current immunization programs by expanding the target ages for immunization and introducing new vaccines.

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Progress Toward Measles Elimination — Western Pacific Region, 2013–2017

Cited by 34 publications

References 1 publication

An investigation of a measles outbreak in Japan and Taiwan, China, March–May 2018

An investigation of a measles outbreak in Japan and Taiwan, China, March–May 2018

Clinical Trial of Measles and Rubella Combined Vaccine Produced by POLYVAC in Vietnam

Population immunity to measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella among adults in Khanh Hoa province, Socialist Republic of Vietnam; residual sample analysis from multistage cluster sampling survey

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