Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication ― Afghanistan, January 2020–November 2021

Sadigh, Katrin; Akbar, Irfan Elahi; Wadood, Mufti Zubair; Shukla, Hemant; Jorba, Jaume; Chaudhury, Sumangala; Martinez, Maureen

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7103a3

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…COVID-19 pandemic prevention efforts have affected AFP surveillance sensitivity and the administration of routine childhood immunizations globally ( 4 , 7 – 9 ). Despite these setbacks, a marked reduction in WPV1 transmission occurred in 2021, possibly linked to improvements in SIA quality, decreased population movement at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and renewed national commitments to the program ( 8 ). While recovery of sensitive AFP surveillance has been limited in 2021 and 2022, the observed reduction in the proportion of WPV1-positive ES samples reported during this period is consistent with a genuine decline in poliovirus transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The four WPV1 cases from two provinces in Afghanistan represent an 82% decrease from the 56 cases in 14 provinces reported in 2020. The single case reported from Balochistan province in Pakistan in 2021 represents a 99% decrease from 84 WPV1 cases in five provinces during 2020 ( 8 ). In 2022 to date, one WPV1 case has been reported in Afghanistan, from Paktika province on the eastern border near Pakistan, with paralysis onset on January 14.…”

Section: Reported Poliovirus Cases and Isolationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, January 2020–April 2022

Rachlin¹,

Patel²,

Burns³

et al. 2022

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reported Poliovirus Cases and Isolationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, January 2020–April 2022

Rachlin¹,

Patel²,

Burns³

et al. 2022

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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“…In Afghanistan, WPV1 was isolated from only one environmental surveillance sample in 2021 compared with 35 samples from 15 sites in 2020 ( 7 ). In Pakistan, WPV1-positive samples also declined from 434 across 67 sites in 2020 to 65 across 34 sites in 2021 ( 8 ).…”

Section: Environmental Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance to Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, 2020–2021

Wilkinson¹,

Diop²,

Jorba³

et al. 2022

MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.

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“…The current polio epidemiology in the two endemic countries poses an inimitable challenge for global eradication as these countries are being affected by ongoing endemic WPV1 and cVDPV2 transmission. Between January 2020 to November 2022, Afghanistan reported 60 cases of WPV1 and 351 cases of cVDPV2 [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the WPV1 cases in the country are constantly rising. Between January 2020 to November 2021, 60 WPV1 cases were reported in Afghanistan, with most cases clustered in the eastern and southern regions of the country [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poliovirus Immunity among Children Aged 6–11 and 36–48 Months in 14 Polio High-Risk Provinces of Afghanistan: A Health-Facility-Based Study

et al. 2022

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Afghanistan is one of two countries where wild poliovirus (WPV) type 1 remains endemic. We conducted a facility-based cross-sectional survey of antipoliovirus antibodies in children in 14 provinces of Afghanistan. The provinces were selected based on programmatic priorities for polio eradication. Children aged 6–11 and 36–48 months attending outpatient clinics were enrolled in the study. We collected venous blood, isolated serum, and conducted neutralization assays to detect poliovirus neutralizing antibodies. A total of 2086 children from the 14 provinces were enrolled. Among the enrolled children, 44.3% were girls; the median age in the 6–11-month group was 9.4 months, and in the 36–48-month group, it was 41.8 months. The most common spoken language was Pashtu (70.8%). Eighty-two percent of children were fully immunized against all the diseases in the vaccination schedule of Afghanistan. In the children aged 6–11 months, seroprevalence to poliovirus type 1 (PV1) was 96.5% and seroprevalence to poliovirus type 3 (PV3) was 93%; in children aged 36–48 months, seroprevalence to PV1 was 99.5% and to PV3 was 98%. Antipoliovirus antibody prevalence for poliovirus type 2 (PV2) was 70.5% in the younger group compared with 90.9% in the older children. Children from Herat and Laghman provinces had almost 100% seroprevalence to PV1, and other provinces also had high prevalence, ranging from 92.0% to 99.0%. A similar finding was seen for antibodies against PV3, ranging from 88% to 100% by province. On the contrary, antibodies to PV2 were low, ranging from 53% for children in the Khost province to around 89% in Kunduz. There was a cluster of 18 seronegative children in the Nuristan province. Overall, the polio eradication program of Afghanistan has been successful in achieving high seroprevalence of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies in the parts of the country included in this study.

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Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication ― Afghanistan, January 2020–November 2021

Abstract: cVDPV can emerge when attenuated OPV virus reverts to neurovirulence as a result of transmission in areas with low immunization coverage.

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, January 2020–April 2022

Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, January 2020–April 2022

Surveillance to Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, 2020–2021

Poliovirus Immunity among Children Aged 6–11 and 36–48 Months in 14 Polio High-Risk Provinces of Afghanistan: A Health-Facility-Based Study

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