Progress towards ignition on the National Ignition Facility

Lindl, J. D.; Atherton, L. J.; Amednt, P.A.; Batha, Steven; Bell, P. M.; Berger, R. L.; Betti, R.; Bleuel, D. L.; Boehly, T. R.; Bradley, D. K.; Braun, D. G.; Callahan, D. A.; Celliers, P. M.; Cerjan, C.; Clark, Daniel; Collins, G. W.; Cook, Robert; Dewald, E. L.; Divol, L.; Dixit, S.; Dzenitis, E. G.; Edwards, M. J.; Fair, J.; Fortner, R. J.; Frenje, J. A.; Glebov, V. Yu.; Glenzer, S. H.; Grim, G.; Haan, S. W.; Hamza, A. V.; Hammel, B. A.; Harding, D. R.; Hatchett, S.; Haynam, Christopher A.; Herrmann, H. W.; Herrmann, Mark; Hicks, D. G.; Hinkel, D. E.; Ho, D.; Hoffman, N. M.; Huang, H.; Izumi, N.; Jacoby, B. A.; Jones, O.; Kalantar, D. H.; Kauffman, R. L.; Kilkenny, J. D.; Kirkwood, R. K.; Kline, J. L.; Knauer, J. P.; Koch, J. A.; Kozioziemski, B J; Kyrala, G. A.; Fortune, K. La; Landen, O. L.; Larson, David J.; Lerche, R. A.; Pape, S. Le; London, Richard A.; MacGowan, B. J.; Mackinnon, A. J.; Malsbury, T. N.; Mapoles, E. R.; Marinak, M. M.; McKenty, P. W.; Meezan, N. B.; Meyerhofer, D. D.; Michel, P.; Milovich, J. L.; Moody, J. D.; Moran, M. J.; Moreno, K. A.; Moses, E. I.; Munro, D. H.; Nikroo, A.; Olson, R. E.; Parham, T.; Patterson, R. W.; Peterson, Kyle; Petrasso, R. D.; Pollaine, S. M.; Ralph, J. E.; Regan, S. P.; Robey, H. F.; Rosen, M. D.; Sacks, Richard A.; Salmonson, J. D.; Sangster, T. C.; Sepke, S. M.; Schneider, Dieter; Schneider, M. B.; Shaw, Michael J.; Spears, B. K.; Springer, P. T.; Stoeckl, C.; Suter, L. J.; Thomas, C. A.; Tommasini, R.; Town, R. P. J.; Vanwonterghem, B.; Vesey, R. A.; Weber, S. V.; Wegner, Paul J.; Widman, K.; Widmayer, C.; Wilke, M. D.; Wilkens, H. L.; Williams, E. A.; Wilson, D. C.; Young, B. K.

doi:10.1088/0029-5515/51/9/094024

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The first is the ignition of a flammable gas mixture by a small spark. This is a simple model of the more complex problem of ignition of a laser fusion capsule (Chang, et al 2010;Lindl, et al 2011;Haan, et al 2011;Edwards, et al 2011). The second is the well-known problem of plastic failure of a ductile material in tension (Ugural and Fenster 2011).…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying “cliffs” in design space

Katz

2014

Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology

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Purpose: This paper studies the regions of parameter space of engineering design in which performance is sensitive to design parameters. Some of these parameters (for example, the dimensions and compositions of components) constitute the design, but others are intrinsic properties of materials or Nature. The paper is concerned with narrow regions of parameter space, "cliffs", in which performance (some measure of the final state of a system, such as ignition or non-ignition of a flammable gas, or failure or non-failure of a ductile material subject to tension) is a sensitive function of the parameters. In these regions performance is also sensitive to uncertainties in the parameters. This is particularly important for intrinsically indeterminate systems, those whose performance is * email:katz@wuphys.wustl.edu, 1 not predictable from measured initial conditions and is not reproducible.Design/methodology/approach: We develop models of ignition of a flammable mixture and of failure in plastic flow under tension. We identify and quantify cliffs in performance as functions of the design parameters. These cliffs are characterized by large partial derivatives of performance parameters with respect to the design parameters and with respect to the uncertainties in the model. We calculate and quantify the consequences of small random variations in the parameters of indeterminate systems.Findings: We find two qualitatively different classes of performance cliffs. In one class, performance is a sensitive function of the parameters in a narrow range that separates wider ranges in which it is insensitive. In the other class, the final state is not defined for parameter values outside some range, and performance is a sensitive function of the parameters as they approach their limiting values. We find that sensitivity of performance to control (design) parameters implies that it is also sensitive to other parameters, some of which may not be known, and to uncertainties of the initial state that are not under the control of the designer. Near or on a cliff performance is degraded. It is also less predictable and less reproducible.Practical implications: Frequently, design optimization or cost minimization leads to choices of engineering design parameters near cliffs. The sensitivity of performance to uncertainty that we find in those regimes implies that caution and extensive empirical experience are required to assure reliable functioning. Because cliffs are defined as behavior on the threshold of failure, this is a reflection of the tradeoff between optimization and margin of safety, and implies the importance of ensuring that margins and uncertainties are quantified. The implications extend far beyond the model systems we consider to engineering systems in general.Originality/value: Many of these considerations have been part of the informal culture of engineering design, but they were not formalized until the methodology of "Quantification of Margins and Uncertainty" was developed in recent years. Although this met...

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Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying “cliffs” in design space

Katz

2014

Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology

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“…Particularly for inertial confinement fusion (ICF), the values of energy transfer rates are necessary to simulate energy depositions . The experiments for diagnosing the process of temperature relaxation are currently advancing rapidly due to powerful lasers such as the OMEGA, X‐ray free electron lasers, and the National Ignition Facility . To design and analyse the experiments, a simple computing simulation is required by applying classical and semi‐classical approximations to deal with the Coulomb collisions in the regime of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of positronium plasma by the molecular dynamics method

Kodanova

Issanova

Рамазанов

et al. 2019

Contributions to Plasma Physics

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In this paper, the relaxation properties of a fully ionized, hot, ideal plasma have been studied using the molecular dynamics method. As an example, the classical problem of equalization of the electron and ion temperatures for various mass ratios is considered, the relaxation times for temperatures is determined, and the influence of the number of particles and the type of boundary conditions on the simulation results is studied. The simulation results are compared with the available theoretical results. K E Y W O R D Sautocorrelation flow function, classical Coulomb system, Coulomb logarithm, mass ratio, mirror boundary conditions, molecular dynamics method, periodic boundary conditions, plasma, temperature relaxation 1

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“…Inertial confinement fusion research at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, is performed on a 192-beam, 1.8 megajoule, 500-terawatt, ultraviolet, laser system [1][2][3]. The key functions of the NIF laser such as specifying pulse shape, alignment, amplification and beam control are managed by the integrated computer control system (ICCS) in order to produce proper timing, high-energy density and pressure leading to a controlled fusion reaction [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image processing and control of a programmable spatial light modulator for spatial beam shaping

et al. 2013

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Programmable spatial shapers using liquid-crystal-based spatial-light-modulators in the National Ignition Facility lasers enable spatial shaping of the beam profile so that power delivered to the target can be maximized while maintaining system longevity. Programmable spatial shapers achieve three objectives: Introduce obscurations shadowing isolated flaws on downstream optical elements that could otherwise be affected by high fluence laser illumination; Spatial shaping to reduce beam peak-to-mean fluence variations to allow the laser to operate at higher powers so that maximum power can be delivered to the target; And finally gradually exposing the optical regions that have never seen laser light because they have always had shadowing from a blocker that is no longer needed. In this paper, we describe the control and image processing algorithms that determine beam shaping and verification of the beam profile. Calibration and transmittance mapping essential elements of controlling the PSS are described along with spatially nonlinear response of the device such as scale and rotation.

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Progress towards ignition on the National Ignition Facility

Cited by 40 publications

References 47 publications

Quantifying “cliffs” in design space

Quantifying “cliffs” in design space

Simulation of positronium plasma by the molecular dynamics method

Image processing and control of a programmable spatial light modulator for spatial beam shaping

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