Progression of asexual to sexual stages of <i>Cystoisospora suis</i> in a host cell-free environment as a model for Coccidia

Feix, Anna Sophia; Cruz‐Bustos, Teresa; Ruttkowski, Bärbel; Mötz, Marlene; Rümenapf, Till; Joachim, Anja

doi:10.1017/s0031182021001074

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…We hypothesized that targeting these stages may be an effective approach in C. suis parasite control in the future. In our previous study applying qRT-PCR on stages derived from in vitro cultures of C. suis , transcrip levels of CSUI_001473 ( Cs TyRP) were highly upregulated with a peak on day 13 of in vitro culture or on day 4 of transfer to host-cell free medium and declined after that 7 , 11 , correlating with the distinct upregulation of transcript level in the current analysis. We selected CSUI_001473 to test the proof of principle that targeting a sexual stage specific antigen could be used as a candidate for a transmission-blocking vaccine.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Presumably they facilitate adhesion to and invasion of host cells, and play a role in immune evasion and defining host specificity 64 – 66 . In C. suis , 53 SAGs or SRSs were identified, and their downregulation indicates that sexual stages have less interactions with host cells and the host’s immune system, maybe because the do not reinvade cells and are rather short-lived, progressing quickly from gamonts to oocysts 11 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This makes it possible to observe, harvest and examine sexual stages during the short time frame in which they occur. After in vitro merogony in epithelial host cells C. suis can also continue gamogony in a host cell-free environment, sugesting that gamete production and fusion occurs extracellularly 11 . The complete life cycle of C. suis in a cell line representing the natural host cell type and species provides a unique model among coccidian parasites and can be used to address a wide range of topics (RNAseq, proteomics), especially with regard to the sexual development of coccidia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The transcriptome from asexual to sexual in vitro development of Cystoisospora suis (Apicomplexa: Coccidia)

Cruz‐Bustos

Feix

Lyrakis

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The apicomplexan parasite Cystoisospora suis is an enteropathogen of suckling piglets with woldwide distribution. As with all coccidian parasites, its lifecycle is characterized by asexual multiplication followed by sexual development with two morphologically distinct cell types that presumably fuse to form a zygote from which the oocyst arises. However, knowledge of the sexual development of C. suis is still limited. To complement previous in vitro studies, we analysed transcriptional profiles at three different time points of development (corresponding to asexual, immature and mature sexual stages) in vitro via RNASeq. Overall, transcription of genes encoding proteins with important roles in gametes biology, oocyst wall biosynthesis, DNA replication and axonema formation as well as proteins with important roles in merozoite biology was identified. A homologue of an oocyst wall tyrosine rich protein of Toxoplasma gondii was expressed in macrogametes and oocysts of C. suis. We evaluated inhibition of sexual development in a host-free culture for C. suis by antiserum specific to this protein to evaluate whether it could be exploited as a candidate for control strategies against C. suis. Based on these data, targets can be defined for future strategies to interrupt parasite transmission during sexual development.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The transcriptome from asexual to sexual in vitro development of Cystoisospora suis (Apicomplexa: Coccidia)

Cruz‐Bustos

Feix

Lyrakis

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The flagella in C. suis are positioned on opposite sides, which might also affect microgamete movement on the search for a macrogamete whereas the flagella in Eimeria or Toxoplasma present a different morphology where the flagella are localized in the anterior region [25,78,85]. After in vitro merogony in epithelial host cells, C. suis also can continue gamogony in a host cell-free environment, indicating that gamete production and fusion occur extracellularly, as previously indicated for C. parvum [47,86].…”

Section: Subclass Coccidiasinamentioning

confidence: 82%

Sexual Development in Non-Human Parasitic Apicomplexa: Just Biology or Targets for Control?

Cruz‐Bustos

Feix

Ruttkowski

et al. 2021

Animals

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The phylum Apicomplexa is a major group of protozoan parasites including gregarines, coccidia, haemogregarines, haemosporidia and piroplasms, with more than 6000 named species. Three of these subgroups, the coccidia, hemosporidia, and piroplasms, contain parasites that cause important diseases of humans and animals worldwide. All of them have complex life cycles involving a switch between asexual and sexual reproduction, which is key to their development. Fertilization (i.e., fusion of female and male cells) results in the formation of a zygote that undergoes meiosis, forming a new generation of asexual stages. In eukaryotes, sexual reproduction is the predominant mode of recombination and segregation of DNA. Sex is well documented in many protist groups, and together with meiosis, is frequently linked with transmission to new hosts. Apicomplexan sexual stages constitute a bottleneck in the life cycle of these parasites, as they are obligatory for the development of new transmissible stages. Consequently, the sexual stages represent attractive targets for vaccination. Detailed understanding of apicomplexan sexual biology will pave the way for the design and implementation of effective transmission-blocking strategies for parasite control. This article reviews the current knowledge on the sexual development of Apicomplexa and the progress in transmission-blocking vaccines for their control, their advantages and limitations and outstanding questions for the future.

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“…In Cystoisospora suis, an agriculturally important pathogen of swine, cell-free culture conditions were identified that allow progression of asexual merozoites into sexual stages of the parasite through the oocyst stage in vitro. HAP2 transcripts were found to be upregulated during this progression (Feix et al, 2021) leading to interest in HAP2 as a possible transmission-blocking vaccine for this species as well. By contrast, HAP2 transcripts were found to be present at similar levels in all stages of the life cycle of Cryptosporidium parvum (Lippuner et al, 2018).…”

Section: Hap2/gcs1 In Protozoan Parasites: Targets For Transmission-blocking Vaccines and A Tool For The Identification Of Cryptic Sexualmentioning

confidence: 99%

HAP2-Mediated Gamete Fusion: Lessons From the World of Unicellular Eukaryotes

Pinello

Clark

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Most, if not all the cellular requirements for fertilization and sexual reproduction arose early in evolution and are retained in extant lineages of single-celled organisms including a number of important model organism species. In recent years, work in two such species, the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and the free-living ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila, have lent important new insights into the role of HAP2/GCS1 as a catalyst for gamete fusion in organisms ranging from protists to flowering plants and insects. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge around how mating types from these algal and ciliate systems recognize, adhere and fuse to one another, current gaps in our understanding of HAP2-mediated gamete fusion, and opportunities for applying what we know in practical terms, especially for the control of protozoan parasites.

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Progression of asexual to sexual stages of Cystoisospora suis in a host cell-free environment as a model for Coccidia

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

The transcriptome from asexual to sexual in vitro development of Cystoisospora suis (Apicomplexa: Coccidia)

The transcriptome from asexual to sexual in vitro development of Cystoisospora suis (Apicomplexa: Coccidia)

Sexual Development in Non-Human Parasitic Apicomplexa: Just Biology or Targets for Control?

HAP2-Mediated Gamete Fusion: Lessons From the World of Unicellular Eukaryotes

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