Progression of Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Subjects Born Small and Large for Gestational Age

Chiavaroli, Valentina; Marcovecchio, Maria Loredana; Giorgis, Tommaso de; Diesse, Laura; Chiarelli, Francesco; Mohn, Angelika

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104278

Cited by 72 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Only second and third trimester weights were used for interpolation because weight gain in the first trimester is assumed to be minimal 24. Three types of interpolation were used in the main analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of a mixed effects model interpolation technique for the estimation of pregnancy weight values

Darling

Werler

Cantonwine

et al. 2019

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundInterpolation of missing weight values is sometimes used in studies of gestational weight gain, but the accuracy of these methods has not been established. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of estimated weight values obtained by interpolating from the nearest observed weight values and by linear and spline regression models when compared with measured weight values.MethodsThe study population included participants enrolled in the LIFECODES cohort at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. We estimated weights at 28 (n=764) and 40 (n=382) weeks of gestation using participants’ two nearest observed weights and subject-specific slopes and intercepts derived from repeated measures mixed effects models. In separate models, gestational age was parameterised as a linear and restricted cubic spline variable. Mean differences, absolute error measures and correlation coefficients comparing observed and estimated weights were calculated.ResultsMean differences and mean absolute error for weights derived from the 28-week linear model (0.18 lbs (SD 6.92), 2.73 lbs (SD 6.35)) and 40-week linear model (−0.40 lbs (SD 5.43) and 2.84 lbs (SD 4.65)) were low. Mean differences were somewhat greater at 28 weeks for weight values derived from the nearest two observed values (mean difference −1.97 lbs (SD 8.74)) and from spline models (mean difference −2.25 lbs (SD 7.13)). Results were similar at 40 weeks.ConclusionsOverall, weight values estimated using this interpolation approach showed good agreement with observed values. When repeated measures of weight are available, mixed effects models may be used to interpolate of missing weight values with minimal error.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of a mixed effects model interpolation technique for the estimation of pregnancy weight values

Darling

Werler

Cantonwine

et al. 2019

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…This population has a high risk for persistence of high body mass index (BMI) in adult life and developing overweight-related diseases. In this epidemic setting, prevention is a core strategy [8, 9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Mass Index and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with High Birth Weight

et al. 2018

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Background/Aims: This study aimed to identify a possible association among high birth weight with overweight/obesity, high arterial blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in children and adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 719 children and adolescents (6–12 years) stratified according to birth weight (low birth weight [LBW] <2,500 g, adequate birth weight [ABW] 2,500–3,999 g, and high birth weight [HBW] ≥4,000 g). Data collected were anthropometric data, arterial blood pressure levels, lipid profile, and insulin resistance (fasting glucose and insulin, used to calculate homeostatic model assessment-IR). Results: The mean age of schoolchildren was 9.5 ± 2.0 years and 371 (51.6%) were male. LBW and HBW were observed in 79 of 719 (10.9%) and 40 of 719 (55.6%) children/adolescents, respectively. There was no increased risk of overweight (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.4–2.1; p = 0.964) and obesity (OR 1.4; 95% CI 0.6–3.5; p = 0.588) in HBW group compared to LBW and ABW groups. HBW was not associated with high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The LBW group was independently associated with higher values of systolic (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.05–1.10; p < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00–1.07; p = 0.044). Conclusion: There was no association between HBW with overweight/obesity and classic cardiovascular risk factors in this group of children/adolescents. Only LBW was related to higher blood pressure levels.

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“…Individuals born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) are at increased risk for developing insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and, subsequently, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in adulthood (1,2). Growth restraint before birth is thought to confer such risk, particularly when followed by excessive weight gain after birth (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Placental and Cord Blood Methylation of Genes Involved in Energy Homeostasis: Association With Fetal Growth and Neonatal Body Composition

et al. 2016

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Low weight at birth is associated with subsequent susceptibility to diabetes. Epigenetic modulation is among the mechanisms potentially mediating this association. We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in placentas from term infants born appropriatefor-gestational-age (AGA) or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) to identify new genes related to fetal growth and neonatal body composition. Candidate genes were validated by bisulfite pyrosequencing (30 AGA, 21 SGA) and also analyzed in cord blood. Gene expression analyses were performed by RT-PCR. Neonatal body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry at age 2 weeks. The ATG2B, NKX6.1, and SLC13A5 genes (respectively related to autophagy, b-cell development and function, and lipid metabolism) were hypermethylated in placenta and cord blood from SGA newborns, whereas GPR120 (related to free fatty acid regulation) was hypomethylated in placenta and hypermethylated in cord blood. Gene expression levels were opposite to methylation status, and both correlated with birth weight, circulating IGF-I, and total and abdominal fat at age 2 weeks. In conclusion, alterations in methylation and expression of genes involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis were found to relate to fetal growth and neonatal body composition and thus may be among the early mechanisms modulating later susceptibility to diabetes.

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Progression of Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Subjects Born Small and Large for Gestational Age

Cited by 72 publications

References 36 publications

Accuracy of a mixed effects model interpolation technique for the estimation of pregnancy weight values

Accuracy of a mixed effects model interpolation technique for the estimation of pregnancy weight values

Body Mass Index and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with High Birth Weight

Placental and Cord Blood Methylation of Genes Involved in Energy Homeostasis: Association With Fetal Growth and Neonatal Body Composition

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