“…In surveillance videos, vehicles, as crucial targets, have garnered widespread attention in computer vision, encompassing tasks such as recognition [ 4 , 5 ], detection [ 6 ], and classification [ 7 ]. The primary objective of vehicle re-identification (Re-ID) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] is to accurately identify the same vehicle corresponding to a given detected vehicle in surveillance videos across different scenarios or time periods. Despite the adoption of deep learning networks by many researchers in recent years to extract vehicle features [ 13 , 14 ] and accomplish vehicle re-identification through feature matching, challenges persist in recognition accuracy due to variations in camera heights and angles.…”