Project among African-Americans to explore risks for schizophrenia (PAARTNERS): Recruitment and assessment methods

Aliyu, Muktar H.; Calkins, Monica E.; Swanson, Charlie L.; Lyons, Paul D.; Savage, Robert M.; May, Roberta S.; Wiener, Howard W.; Devlin, Bernie; Nimgaonkar, Vishwajit L.; Ragland, J. Daniel; Gur, Raquel E.; Gur, Ruben C.; Bradford, L. DiAnne; Edwards, Neil B.; Kwentus, Joseph A.; McEvoy, Joseph P.; Santos, Alberto B.; McCleod-Bryant, Stephen; Tennison, Clifton; Go, Rodney C.P.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.06.027

Cited by 32 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…17,18 Briefly, all participants were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. Additional clinical information was obtained from medical records and consenting relatives.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of HLA Polymorphisms in Relation to Schizophrenia Risk and Infectious Exposure

Bamne

Wood

Chowdari

et al. 2012

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) implicate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 6p21.3-22.1, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, as common risk factors for schizophrenia (SZ). Other studies implicate viral and protozoan exposure. Our study tests chromosome 6p SNPs for effects on SZ risk with and without exposure. Method: GWASsignificant SNPs and ancestry-informative marker SNPs were analyzed among African American patients with SZ (n = 604) and controls (n = 404). Exposure to herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Toxoplasma gondii (TOX) was assayed using specific antibody assays. Results: Five SNPs were nominally associated with SZ, adjusted for population admixture (P < .05, uncorrected for multiple comparisons). These SNPs were next analyzed in relation to infectious exposure. Multivariate analysis indicated significant association between rs3130297 genotype and HSV-1 exposure; the associated allele was different from the SZ risk allele. Conclusions: We propose a model for the genesis of SZ incorporating genomic variation in the HLA region and neurotropic viral exposure for testing in additional, independent African American samples.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of HLA Polymorphisms in Relation to Schizophrenia Risk and Infectious Exposure

Bamne

Wood

Chowdari

et al. 2012

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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“…Caucasian participants were recruited through the Multi-Generational Investigation of Schizophrenia (11) and the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (12). African American participants were recruited through the Project Among African Americans to Explore Risks for Schizophrenia (13) and the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia. Details of ascertainment and assessment methods are provided in primary papers associated with each study (11)(12)(13) and are summarized below.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…African American participants were recruited through the Project Among African Americans to Explore Risks for Schizophrenia (13) and the Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia. Details of ascertainment and assessment methods are provided in primary papers associated with each study (11)(12)(13) and are summarized below.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Other-Race Effect in Face Processing Among African American and Caucasian Individuals With Schizophrenia

Pinkham¹,

Sasson²,

Calkins³

et al. 2008

AJP

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These findings reveal an intact other-race effect in patients with schizophrenia and highlight a methodological concern in the measurement of face processing abilities in schizophrenia, namely, that findings of greater impairment in African American patients are spurious when Caucasian faces are used as stimuli. Despite overall impairments in face memory and emotion recognition, the presence of a normative other-race effect in schizophrenia may reflect typical experiences with faces during development.

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“…E. Gur et al, 2006). The Penn CNB has been successfully implemented in large-scale genetic studies that have enabled estimates of heritability as well as gene mapping studies of cognitive domains (Aliyu et al, 2006; Greenwood et al, 2007; Gur RE et al, 2007a; Gur RE et al, 2007b). It is publicly available and can be administered through the internet (https://penncnp.med.upenn.edu).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice effects distort translational validity estimates for a Neurocognitive Battery

Ibrahim

Tobar

Elassy

et al. 2015

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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Introduction With the globalization of biomedical research and the advent of “precision medicine”, there is increased need for translation of neuropsychological tests, such as computerized batteries that can be incorporated in large-scale genomic studies. Estimates of translational validity are obtained by administering the test in the original and the translated versions to bilingual individuals. We investigated the translation of a neuropsychological battery from English to Arabic and how practice effects influence translational validity estimates. Methods The Penn computerized neurocognitive battery (Penn CNB) includes tests that were validated with functional neuroimaging and provides measures of accuracy and speed of performance in several cognitive domains. To develop an Arabic version of the CNB, the English version was translated into Arabic, then back translated and revised. The Arabic and the original English versions were administered in a randomized crossover design to bilingual participants (N=22). Results Performance varied by cognitive domain, but generally improved at the second session regardless of the language of the initial test. When performance on the English and Arabic version was compared, significant positive correlations were detected for accuracy in 8/13 cognitive domains and for speed in 4/13 domains (r=0.02 to 0.97). When the practice estimates using linear models were incorporated, the translational validity estimates improved substantially (accuracy, r=0.50-0.96, speed, r=0.63-0.92, all correlations, p=0.05 or better). Conclusion While crossover designs control for order effects on average performance, practice effects, regardless of language, still need to be removed to obtain estimates of translational validity. When practice effect is controlled for, the Arabic and English versions of the Penn-CNB are well correlated and the Arabic version is suitable for use in research.

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Project among African-Americans to explore risks for schizophrenia (PAARTNERS): Recruitment and assessment methods

Cited by 32 publications

References 60 publications

Evaluation of HLA Polymorphisms in Relation to Schizophrenia Risk and Infectious Exposure

Evaluation of HLA Polymorphisms in Relation to Schizophrenia Risk and Infectious Exposure

The Other-Race Effect in Face Processing Among African American and Caucasian Individuals With Schizophrenia

Practice effects distort translational validity estimates for a Neurocognitive Battery

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