Project Sunscreen Protection

Stokes, R.P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-57145-9_22

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The spectral transmission of both irradiated and nonirradiated samples was measured using a spectrometer SPEX1681 (GlenSpectra, Middlesex, UK); the SPF of the different sunscreen formulations was calculated as described by Diffey and Robson (18). This in vitro measurement was completed by the determination of the UVA ratio (19). The method required by the Australian authorities was also performed to assess if the tested sunscreens met the 'AS/NZS 2604: 1997' criteria (20).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photostabilization of Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone) and Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate by Bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), a New UV Broadband Filter¶

Chatelain

Gabard

2007

Photochemistry and Photobiology

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It is now well documented that chronic UVA exposure induces damage to human skin. Therefore, modern sunscreens should not only provide protection from both UVB and UVA radiation but also maintain this protection during the entire period of exposure to the sun. UVA filters, however, are rare and not sufficiently photostable. We investigated the effect of the introduction of a new UV filter, bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), in oil in water sunscreen formulations on the photostability of butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone [AVB]) after irradiation with an optically filtered Xenon arc source (UV irradiance adjusted at 1 mean effective dose [MED]/min). With spectrophotometrical methods to assess the sun protection factor (SPF) and UVA ratio and chromatographical methods to determine the amount of UV filters recovered after irradiation we showed that Tinosorb S prevented the photodegradation of AVB in a concentration-dependent way, leading to a sustained SPF and UVA ratio even after irradiation with doses of up to 30 MED. Since AVB was shown to destabilize ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHM) we tested the effect of Tinosorb S in sunscreens containing this UV filter combination. Here too Tinosorb S showed photoprotective properties toward both UV filters. Thus, Tinosorb S can be used successfully to improve the photostability and efficiency of sunscreens containing AVB and EHM.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photostabilization of Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone) and Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate by Bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), a New UV Broadband Filter¶

Chatelain

Gabard

2007

Photochemistry and Photobiology

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“…Indonesia is known as a tropical country with most of the population working outside, so it is exposed to direct sunlight containing Ultraviolet (UV) rays. UV that reaches the surface of the earth is divided into UV A (320-400 nm) and UV B (290-320 nm) [1]. UV rays are only a small part of the spectrum of sunlight, but these rays are most harmful to the skin [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The best formulation of compounds contained in herbal plants as sunscreen: A review

et al. 2023

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The harmful effects of exposure to light (UV) can be prevented by using sunscreen. This study aims to determine the best formulation contained in various herbal plants to be used as a manufacturing material sunscreen. The method in this study is the study of literature from the research journal database on the internet, namely through google scholar and Proquest University of Mataram. Sunscreens are assessed in terms of light protection factor expressed by the SPF value (Sun Protection Factor) to determine the effectiveness of sunscreen preparations or the ability to withstand UV rays. Several types of herbal plants that grow in various regions in Indonesia contain photoprotective bioactive compounds. Aromatic ginger (Kaempferia galanga L.) is a herbal plant widely used as an ingredient in sunscreens with a high protection category. Cinnamic derivatives, namely ethyl para-methoxycinnamate (EPMS), are one of the compounds contained in aromatic ginger and can be used as a manufacturing material sunscreen that is good and safe for the skin.

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“…Unfortunately, prolonged and unprotected exposure to UV rays has been associated with irreversible health defects [1]. e region of UV light emitted by the sun is categorized into three types, which span the following wavelengths: UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm), and UVC (200-290 nm) [2]. Essentially, all UVC rays and a significant portion of UVB rays are absorbed by Earth's atmosphere and do not penetrate its surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives as Potential Organic UV Filters

Pan

Hughes

Lynch

et al. 2022

Journal of Chemistry

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Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays has been attributed to irreversible health defects at the cellular level. Most importantly, damage to DNA by UVA and UVB rays can result in uncontrolled cellular growth, leading to skin cancer. As a result, topical treatments have been developed over time to protect the skin from UVA and UVB rays. The active ingredients in sunscreens or sun creams are sometimes unsaturated, aromatic organic compounds capable of absorbing harmful UV photons at a great range of wavelengths. Absorption capabilities of these species depend on their degree of conjugation and their molar absorptivity. With this knowledge, two cinnamaldehyde derivatives were synthesized into five potential organic UV filters by the aldol condensation reaction. The products were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopies, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy was used to determine the UV absorption range and intensity of absorption for each compound. Since the compounds would hypothetically be utilized in topical ointments to aide in skin protection, these compounds were assessed in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a representative bacterium of the skin’s natural flora. A time-course assay was conducted to detect growth effects of P. aeruginosa in the presence of the organic compounds. According to the spectroscopic and bacterial analyses of these UV-blocking compounds, three compounds were determined to be potential UV filters that cover UVA region while demonstrating no apparent harm to the natural skin bacteria P. aeruginosa, while the other two likely diminished bacterial growth by simple niche inhibition.

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Project Sunscreen Protection

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Photostabilization of Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone) and Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate by Bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), a New UV Broadband Filter¶

Photostabilization of Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone) and Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate by Bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), a New UV Broadband Filter¶

The best formulation of compounds contained in herbal plants as sunscreen: A review

Investigation of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives as Potential Organic UV Filters

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