Projected distributions of novel and disappearing climates by 2100 AD

Williams, John W.; Jackson, Stephen T.; Kutzbach, John E.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0606292104

Cited by 1,138 publications

(1,107 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Given that most of the available literature on ecosystems is focused on timescales less than 50 years, palaeoecological studies focusing on longer time horizons and ecological questions are useful (Froyd and Willis 2008). This is especially important in future conservation efforts as novel ecosystems may become the norm given climate change (Williams et al 2007;Hobbs et al 2009). Strategic site selection for Garry oak ecosystems under future climate scenarios (Pellatt et al 2012) will likely involve the alteration of future ecosystems in order to maintain many of the ecosystems that we value today.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental change in Garry oak (Quercus garryana) ecosystems: the evolution of an eco-cultural landscape

Pellatt

Gedalof

2014

Biodivers Conserv

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Globally, colonialism resulted in the suppression of aboriginal land management practices, abetted by the concept of terra nullius, ''belonging to no one''; the belief that aboriginal people had little influence on or ownership of the land. Until recently, this ideology was entrenched in resource management and policy. Traditional ecological knowledge, historical ecology, archaeology, and palaeoecological research have shown these assumptions to be wrong. In this paper we take a multidisciplinary approach (biogeography, paleoecology, dendrochronology, and bioclimatic envelope modeling) to better understand the role of climate and fire in the formation of eco-cultural landscapes. We synthesize results from pollen and charcoal analysis in Garry oak ecosystems that indicate there were continuous and frequent prescribed burning events, with more severe fires occurring every 26-41 years in southwest British Columbia throughout the Anthropocene (*last 250 years) that substantially altered forest structure and composition. These results are consistent with stand age reconstructions in BC and Washington with Garry oak establishment beginning *1850 AD, corresponding with modern fire exclusion, aboriginal population decline, and end of the Little Ice Age. Douglas-fir recruitment has been continuous since *1900, with succession of oak woodland to closed conifer forest at most sites. These findings indicate that the structure of many Garry oak ecosystems have been profoundly influenced by eco-cultural practices. Overwhelming evidence indicates that in many cases these ecosystems are dependent on prescribed fire for their open structure. In

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental change in Garry oak (Quercus garryana) ecosystems: the evolution of an eco-cultural landscape

Pellatt

Gedalof

2014

Biodivers Conserv

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“…Analysis of connectivity appears crucial to address this issue (Rose & Burton 2009). Furthermore, the emergence of ecosystems under novel climate conditions raises questions for representativeness assessment (Williams et al 2007;Keith et al 2009). New methodologies should be developed to address such dynamic landscapes (Beaumont et al 2009;Marini et al 2009;Carroll et al 2010), current representativeness assessments updated and PA systems designed to address climate change (Hannah 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Representativeness of terrestrial ecosystems in Chile's protected area system

Pliscoff

Fuentes‐Castillo

2011

Envir. Conserv.

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SUMMARYBecause protected areas are a major means of conservation, the extent to which ecosystems are represented under different protection regimes needs to be ascertained. A gap analysis approach was used to assess the representativeness of Chile's terrestrial ecosystems in differing kinds of protected areas. Terrestrial ecosystems were described in terms of potential vegetation, employing three protection scenarios. Scenario 1 was based exclusively on the Chilean National System of Protected Wild Areas (SNASPE). Scenario 2 included all types of public protected areas, namely SNASPE, nature sanctuaries and Ministry of National Heritage lands. Scenario 3 included all items in Scenario 2, but also included private protected areas and biodiversity priority sites. There is insufficient protection of terrestrial ecosystems under the Scenario 2. In addition to the low level of ecosystem protection provided by state protected areas (only 42 of the 127 terrestrial ecosystems had >10% of their area protected), 23 terrestrial ecosystems were identified as having no protection at the national level. Gaps in protection were concentrated in the North (both coastal and inland desertic scrub), Central (thorny scrub, thorny forests, sclerophyllous forests and deciduous coastal forests) and Austral (steppe ecosystems) regions of Chile. These gaps include ecosystems that are of global conservation importance.

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“…The few forest areas left are, thus, extremely threatened, although still holding a huge diversity of life forms (Cardoso da Silva and Tabarelli, 2000;da Silva and Tabarelli, 2001;Uchoa Neto and Tabarelli, 2002;Goerck and Wege, 2005;Olmos, 2005;Asfora and Pontes, 2006;Nemésio, 2010b). The situation of these few areas is dramatic because strong anthropogenic pressures still exist in the region (reviewed by Nemésio, 2010a, b) and predicted climatic changes can heavily impact the forest remnants (Williams et al, 2007), changing their suitability for many species. Concerning orchid bees, two species deserve particular attention: Euglossa marianae and Eulaema felipei.…”

Section: Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the “Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco” a biodiversity hotspot for orchid bees?

Santos

2014

Braz. J. Biol.

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The orchid-bee faunas (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) of the three largest forest remnants in the "Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco", northeastern Brazil, namely Estação Ecológica de Murici (ESEC Murici), RPPN Frei Caneca, and a forest preserve belonging to Usina Serra Grande, in the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco, were surveyed using seventeen different scents as baits to attract orchid-bee males. Eight sites were established in the three preserves, where samplings were carried out using two protocols: insect netting and bait trapping. We collected 3,479 orchid-bee males belonging to 29 species during 160 hours in early October, 2012. Seven species were collected in the "Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco" for the first time. Richness proved to be one of the highest of the entire Atlantic Forest domain, and diversity in some sites, especially at ESEC Murici, revealed to be one of the highest in the Neotropics. Eulaema felipei Nemésio, 2010, a species previously recorded only at ESEC Murici, was found in no other preserve in the region and its conservation status is discussed.Keywords: Atlantic Forest, Euglossina, euglossine bees, Hexapoda. O Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco é um 'hotspot' de biodiversidade para abelhas-das-orquídeas? ResumoAs faunas de abelhas-das-orquídeas (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) dos três maiores remanescentes florestais do Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco, nordeste do Brazil, sendo elas a Estação Ecológica de Murici (ESEC Murici), a RPPN Frei Caneca e um remanescente florestal pertencente à Usina Serra Grande, foram amostradas com o uso de dezessete diferentes iscas aromáticas para atrair machos dessas abelhas. Oito sítios amostrais foram selecionados nas três áreas, onde amostragens foram realizadas sob duas metodologias: coleta ativa com rede entomológica e coleta com armadilhas. Foram coletados 3.479 machos de abelhas euglossinas durante 160 horas no início de outubro de 2012. Sete espécies foram registradas no Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco pela primeira vez. A riqueza da região se mostrou uma das mais altas de toda a Mata Atlântica, e a diversidade em alguns locais, especialmente na ESEC Murici, revelou-se uma das mais altas de toda a região Neotropical. Eulaema felipei Nemésio, 2010, uma espécie que só havia sido registrada na ESEC Murici, não foi encontrada em nenhuma outra área e seu estado de conservação é discutido.Palavras-chave: Mata Atlântica, Euglossina, abelhas euglossinas, Hexapoda.

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Projected distributions of novel and disappearing climates by 2100 AD

Cited by 1,138 publications

References 34 publications

Environmental change in Garry oak (Quercus garryana) ecosystems: the evolution of an eco-cultural landscape

Environmental change in Garry oak (Quercus garryana) ecosystems: the evolution of an eco-cultural landscape

Representativeness of terrestrial ecosystems in Chile's protected area system

Is the “Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco” a biodiversity hotspot for orchid bees?

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