Projecting Distribution of the Overwintering Population ofSogatella furcifera(Hemiptera: Delphacidae), in Yunnan, China With Analysis on Key Influencing Climatic Factors

Abstract

Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) is the most threatening migratory rice pest in Yunnan, China. S. furcifera overwinters in low- altitude basins and valleys in southern Yunnan and migrates northward in spring and summer of the following year, causing serious damage during migration. The overwintering distribution, areas, and spatial pattern of S. furcifera are relevant to the migration and outbreak of this pest. Based on a 4-yr field survey (2010–2013), this study projected areas suitable for S. furcifera to overwinter using a species distribution model, and analyzed the key influencing climatic factors using principal component analysis (PCA) and ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA). Our field survey showed that the northern latitudinal- and upper elevation limits of overwintering S. furcifera was 25.4° N and 1,608 m in western Yunnan and 24.2° N and 1,563 m in eastern Yunnan. The species distribution model produced a fragmented distribution pattern, with most of which in western Yunnan and only a few in eastern Yunnan. The PCA and ENFA analyses showed that the mean temperature of the driest quarter and the precipitation of the coldest quarter significantly influenced the distribution of S. furcifera in winter. The results suggested that the complex topography, spatial differences in winter temperatures, and host availability altogether determined the distribution of overwintering S. furcifera . Compared with previous surveys, the northern latitudinal- and upper elevation limits of overwintering S. furcifera were higher, while the population became rarer in some suitable areas due to change of farmland utilization in winter and possibly climate change.

Population genetic structure and putative migration pathway ofSogatella furcifera(Horváth) (Hemiptera, Delphacidae) in Asia

“…We could assume that S. furcifera migrates from northern Vietnam to Korea via southern China. Furthermore, the winter distribution of S. furcifera may be considered a key factor affecting the spatial and temporal change of population density (Hu et al ., 2015). Several studies indicated that S. furcifera overwinters in Yunnan (Liu et al ., 1991; Tao & Sogawa, 2000) and the temperature in Yunnan has been increasing since 1987 due to global climate change, with expansion of northern tropical and southern subtropical areas in China (Cheng et al ., 2014).…”

“…In temperate Asian countries, including Korea, Japan, and northern China, S. furcifera cannot overwinter and is thought to migrate from northern Vietnam or southern China in June and July (Matsumoto et al ., 2013). S. furcifera overwinters in northern Vietnam, and migrates to southern China from April to early May (Otuka et al ., 2008; Hu et al ., 2017), and is also able to overwinter in southern China (Hu et al ., 1988, 2015). Therefore, populations of S. furcifera in southern China are likely to be mixed.…”

Molecular cloning, expression, and functional analysis of the chitin synthase 1 gene and its two alternative splicing variants in the white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

“…In China, the outbreak frequency of S . furcifera has been increasing in recent years 36 . This pest causes severe losses in rice production by sucking, ovipositing, and transmitting viruses 37 .…”

Population dynamics of rice planthoppers,Nilaparvata lugensandSogatella furcifera(Hemiptera, Delphacidae) in Central Vietnam and its effects on their spring migration to China

“…In China, only a few individuals can survive during winter in areas of Southern Yunnan, Southern Guangxi and Hainan (Cheng et al , 1979; Hu & Xie, 1988; Otuka et al , 2008, Otuka, 2013; Hu et al . (2015 a , b ); ). Instead, infestations in temperate zones are initiated by windborne spring/summer migrants from the southern areas (Cheng et al , 1979; Otuka et al , 2008, Otuka, 2013).…”