Projection patterns of single mossy fibers originating from the lateral reticular nucleus in the rat cerebellar cortex and nuclei

Wu, Hao; Sugihara, Izumi; Shinoda, Yoshikazu

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990816)411:1<97::aid-cne8>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 215 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Evidence presented here and in the two above-cited studies thus indicate that on-beam Pcs receive highly individualized, independent parallel-fiber inputs. These findings could settle a long-standing debate about whether parallel fibers control Pc spike activity or have subthreshold modulatory function (14,19,20). Our findings together with those of Isope, Jorntell, and their respective colleagues indicate that the response properties of each Pc are shaped by only a small selected subset of the Ϸ170.000 parallel-fiber inputs they receive (21) and that no two Pcs respond to the same subset of inputs.…”

Section: Variation Of Ss Rates Of Pcs Along the Parallel-fiber Beamsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The variability of the on-beam spike rates can perhaps be explained by the powerful inputs from the ascending parts of the granule cell axons, which provide each Pc with inputs from a different subset of granule cells (14). Alternatively, each Pc could only receive functional inputs from a small subset of parallel fibers, with every cell responding to a different subset (15).…”

Section: Variation Of Ss Rates Of Pcs Along the Parallel-fiber Beammentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-beam synchrony in the cerebellum as the mechanism for the timing and coordination of movement

Heck

Thach

Keating

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

127

121

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In trained reaching rats, we recorded simple spikes of pairs of Purkinje cells that, with respect to each other, were either aligned on a beam of shared parallel fibers or instead were located off beam. Rates of simple spike firing in both on-beam and off-beam Purkinje cell pairs commonly showed great variety in depth of modulation during reaching behavior. But with respect to timing, on-beam Purkinje cell pairs had simple spikes that were tightly time-locked to each other (either delayed or simultaneous) and to movement, despite the variability in rate. By contrast, off-beam Purkinje cell pairs had simple spikes that were not time-locked to each other, neither delayed nor simultaneous. We discuss the implications of these observations for the cerebellar role in timing and coordinating movement.parallel fibers ͉ Purkinje cell ͉ simple spike ͉ awake reaching rat I n the mammalian cerebellar cortex, excitatory and inhibitory neuronal processes run in exactly perpendicular directions. This network provides a common excitatory input to neurons along the mediolateral (parallel-fiber on-beam) axis and a common inhibitory input to neurons along the anteriorposterior (parallel-fiber off-beam) axis. The anisotropic network is highly preserved across vertebrate species and has been proposed to be the basis of cerebellar control of timing and coordination of movement. In the original proposals (1, 2), on-beam Purkinje cells (Pcs) were hypothesized to be activated one by one in a strict temporal sequence by a traveling wave of parallel-fiber activity, the rate and timing of which were determined by parallel-fiber conduction velocity. To test this hypothesis, we recorded with multiple electrodes the simple spike (SS) activity of pairs of Pcs in awake trained rats as they reached for, grasped, and returned a food pellet to the mouth. We found that on-beam pairs of Pcs generated two types of temporally correlated SS activity. In one type, there was a delay of the second SS with respect to the first that was proportionate to the parallelfiber conduction velocity. However, this delayed correlation was observed rarely, was weak when present, and was poorly timelocked to movement. In the second type of on-beam SS correlation, the SSs of the Pc pairs occurred simultaneously with no delay and were precisely synchronized. This synchronous onbeam correlation was common (observed in SSs of almost all Pc pairs), was robust when present, and was precisely time-locked to movement. By contrast, the SSs of off-beam Pc pairs were not correlated with each other (neither delayed nor synchronous). We discuss the possibility that the observed Pc SS on-beam synchrony that is time-locked to movement may be the organizing principle for the cerebellar timing and coordination of movement. ResultsWe recorded SS activity from the Pc layer of the cerebellar cortex of awake reaching rats (see Fig. 5 in Materials and Methods). SS activity in the paramedian lobe was strongly modulated during performance of reaching and grasping movements (Fig. 1). We recor...

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Section: Variation Of Ss Rates Of Pcs Along the Parallel-fiber Beamsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Variation Of Ss Rates Of Pcs Along the Parallel-fiber Beammentioning

confidence: 99%

On-beam synchrony in the cerebellum as the mechanism for the timing and coordination of movement

Heck

Thach

Keating

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

127

121

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“…They are distributed in the granule cell layer both mediolaterally and rostrocaudally over several millimeters of cerebellar cortex, in multiple folia (Kevetter and Perachio, 1986;Wu et al, 1999;Purcell and Perachio, 2001;Newlands et al, 2002;Maklad and Fritzsch, 2003). Any remaining topographic precision conveyed by mossy fiber signals to the granule cell layer is further reduced mediolaterally by the projections of parallel fibers that course through as many as 500 Purkinje cells (Brand et al, 1976;Harvey and Napper, 1991).…”

Section: Antiphasic Behavior Of Css and Sssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functions of Interneurons in Mouse Cerebellum

Barmack¹,

Yakhnitsa²

2008

J. Neurosci.

217

259

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The output signal of Purkinje cells is conveyed by the modulated discharge of simple spikes (SSs) often ascribed to mossy fiber-granule cell-parallel fiber inputs to Purkinje cell dendrites. Although generally accepted, this view lacks experimental support. We can address this view by controlling afferent signals that reach the cerebellum over climbing and mossy fiber pathways. Vestibular primary afferents constitute the largest mossy fiber projection to the uvula-nodulus. The discharge of vestibular primary afferent mossy fibers increases during ipsilateral roll tilt. The discharge of SSs decreases during ipsilateral roll tilt. Climbing fiber discharge [complex spikes (CSs)] increases during ipsilateral roll tilt. These observations suggest that the modulation of SSs during vestibular stimulation cannot be attributed directly to vestibular mossy fiber afferents. Rather we suggest that interneurons driven by vestibular climbing fibers may determine SS modulation. We recorded from cerebellar interneurons (granule, unipolar brush, Golgi, stellate, basket, and Lugaro cells) and Purkinje cells in the uvula-nodulus of anesthetized mice during vestibular stimulation. We identified all neuronal types by juxtacellular labeling with neurobiotin. Granule, unipolar brush, stellate, and basket cells discharge in phase with ipsilateral roll tilt and in phase with CSs. Golgi cells discharge out of phase with ipsilateral roll tilt and out of phase with CSs. The phases of stellate and basket cell discharge suggests that their activity could account for the antiphasic behavior of CSs and SSs. Because Golgi cells discharge in phase with SSs, Golgi cell activity cannot account for SS modulation. The sagittal array of Golgi cell axon terminals suggests that they contribute to the organization of discrete parasagittal vestibular zones.

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“…This is apparent in the pattern of afferent inputs, projection patterns of Purkinje cells (PCs), and PC response properties (Voogd, 1967;Ekerot and Larson, 1973;Andersson and Oscarsson, 1978;Llinás and Sasaki, 1989;De Zeeuw et al, 1994;Wu et al, 1999;Ruigrok, 2003). The expression of several molecular markers is also parasagittally organized (Hawkes and Gravel, 1991;Hawkes, 1992), including zebrin II (ZII) (aldolase C) (Brochu et al, 1990;Ahn et al, 1994;Hawkes and Herrup, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrin-Immunopositive and -Immunonegative Stripe Pairs Represent Functional Units in the Pigeon Vestibulocerebellum

Graham

Wylie

2012

J. Neurosci.

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The cerebellum is a site of complex sensorimotor integration and contains up to 80% of the neurons in the brain, yet comparatively little is known about the organization of sensorimotor systems within the cerebellum. It is known that afferent projections and Purkinje cell (PC) response properties are organized into sagittal "zones" in the cerebellum. Moreover, the isoenzyme aldolase C [also known as zebrin II (ZII)] is heterogeneously expressed in cerebellar PCs such that there are sagittal stripes of PCs with high expression (ZIIϩ) interdigitated with stripes of little or no expression (ZIIϪ). In the present study, we show how the ZII stripes in folium IXcd of the vestibulocerebellum in pigeons are related to response properties of PCs. IXcd consists of seven pairs of ZIIϩ/Ϫ stripes denoted P1ϩ/Ϫ (medial) to P7ϩ/Ϫ (lateral). Electrophysiological studies have shown that vestibulocerebellar PCs respond to particular patterns of optic flow resulting from self-motion in three-dimensional space. In our study, we recorded optic flow preferences from PCs in IXcd, marked recording locations with injections of fluorescent tracer, and subsequently immunoreacted coronal sections for ZII. We found that the PCs within a ZIIϩ/Ϫ stripe pair all responded best to the same pattern of optic flow. That is, a ZIIϩ/Ϫ stripe pair forms a functional unit in the cerebellum. This is the first demonstration that the function of PCs is associated with ZII stripes across the mediolateral extent of an entire folium.

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Projection patterns of single mossy fibers originating from the lateral reticular nucleus in the rat cerebellar cortex and nuclei

Cited by 215 publications

References 45 publications

On-beam synchrony in the cerebellum as the mechanism for the timing and coordination of movement

On-beam synchrony in the cerebellum as the mechanism for the timing and coordination of movement

Functions of Interneurons in Mouse Cerebellum

Zebrin-Immunopositive and -Immunonegative Stripe Pairs Represent Functional Units in the Pigeon Vestibulocerebellum

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