The main topic of this paper is two-fold. First, we compute the first relative cohomology group of the Lie algebra of smooth vector fields on the projective line, Vect(RP 1 ), with coefficients in the space of bilinear differential operators that act on tensor densities, D λ,ν;µ , vanishing on the Lie algebra sl(2, R). Second, we compute the first cohomology group of the Lie algebra sl(2, R) with coefficients in D λ,ν;µ .