Prolactin and human weight disturbances: A puzzling and neglected association

Sobrinho, L. G.; Horseman, Nelson D.

doi:10.1007/s11154-019-09503-1

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…While the majority of women with PCOS have a higher level of perceived stress [ 62 ], they also suffer from metabolic abnormalities [ 63 ]. Even though PRL secretion could be affected by the secretion of cortisol, it could surge following psychological stress in the absence of cortisol surge [ 64 ]. A recent meta-analysis showed that cortisol levels were significantly higher in PCOS patients compared to healthy controls [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies on Prolactin Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

et al. 2022

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Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are reported to have different levels of prolactin (PRL) compared to women without PCOS. This study aimed to evaluate the PRL levels in women with PCOS, compared to the control group, before and after adjustment for potential confounders. Using a logical combination of keywords, a comprehensive search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science, from inception to 30 August 2022. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) with corresponding 95% CIs in PRL levels were employed with a random-effects model. I2 was applied to evaluate heterogeneity among studies. A meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore heterogeneity sources. Publication bias was assessed by the Egger test. Thirty-two studies, measuring PRL levels in 8551 PCOS patients according to the Rotterdam criteria and 13,737 controls, were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled effect size suggested that the overall weighted mean difference (WMD) of PRL level was significantly higher in women with PCOS, compared to controls (WMD = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.04–1.98, p = 0.040). The result of meta-regression adjusted for age, BMI, and the continent of origin, revealed no confounding effect on results. Sub-group analysis of PRL levels according to the continent of origin showed significantly higher PRL levels among Eurasian PCOS patients compared to the control; this difference was not statistically significant in the subgroups of women from Asia, Europe, and South America. In conclusion, PRL levels in patients who were diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria were significantly higher than non-PCOS participants. Slightly higher levels of PRL could be presented as a diagnostic feature of PCOS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies on Prolactin Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

et al. 2022

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“…PRL also regulates homeostasis, growth, and development mechanisms [43]. In pathological states due to prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas, typical alterations such as galactorrhea, amenorrhea, headache, and visual disturbances have been identified; however, hyperprolactinemia has been related to weight gain/obesity, hyperphagia, increased adipose tissue, glucose intolerance, IR, increased ME/LDL-C, decreased HDL-C, and MetS [44]. The mechanism by which hyperprolactinemia is related to these alterations is not clear, however, various pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain it, among the most important are the decrement of dopamine tone (DT), leptin resistance, low levels of adiponectin, increased Β-cell function, the reduction of the Lipoprotein Lipase (LL) activity [45,46] and the dysregulation of carbohydrate and lipid methabolism.…”

Section: Pathphysiological Association Between Pituitary Adenoma (Hor...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Syndrome Components in Patients with Pituitary Adenoma

Gonzalez-Almazan,

Cortes-Contreras,

Flores-Rabasa

et al. 2023

Horm Metab Res

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Pituitary adenomas are benign tumors of the anterior portion of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis), representing the 25% of all the tumor alterations. Pituitary adenomas are classified by the type of hormone secreted, cellularity, size, and structural alterations by the hormonal segregation. The diagnosis consists on the histopathological identification of cell types and the image-guided by magnetic resonance or tomography; the treatment can be both pharmacological and surgical. Metabolic Syndrome is the set of clinical conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases with an estimated prevalence of 25% worldwide. The alterations of metabolic syndrome are obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus type II. Pituitary adenomas and metabolic syndrome have an important relationship, hormone-secreting by pituitary adenomas affects a myriad of signaling pathways, which allows a favorable environment for the appearance of the metabolic syndrome. Moreover, patients with pituitary adenomas are shown to have an improvement in metabolic parameters after the medical/surgical treatment. The objective of this review is to explore the possible mechanisms through which PAs contributes to MetSx.

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“…Long-term exposure to excessive PRL levels is frequently linked to an increased risk of sexual dysfunction ( 9 ), weight gain ( 10 ), cardiovascular disease ( 11 ), osteoporosis ( 12 ), and even cancer ( 13 ). In order to decrease the risk of adverse events and accidents in psychiatric patients and to promote patient compliance with treatment, it is vital for psychiatrists to find effective ways to diminish or neutralize antipsychotic-induced HPRL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-prescription of aripiprazole on prolactin levels in long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients with co-morbid type 2 diabetes: A retrospective clinical study

Liu¹,

Sun²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundOne of the most frequent side effects of atypical antipsychotics is hyperprolactinemia (HPRL), and metformin or aripiprazole co-prescription is regarded as an effective therapy option for reducing prolactin (PRL) levels. However, whether either of the two drugs can reduce PRL levels in patients with long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenia with co-morbid type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has not been adequately reported.MethodsIn our study, long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenia patients with co-T2DM who were prescribed olanzapine or risperidone as the primary antipsychotic medication were enrolled. A total of 197 of these cases with co-prescribed aripiprazole were set up as the study group (co-Ari group), and the other 204 cases without co-prescribed aripiprazole were set up as the control group (non-Ari group). The two groups’ variations in each target parameter were compared, and the variables affecting PRL levels were examined.ResultsCompared to the non-Ari group, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly higher in the co-Ari group, but there was no difference in PRL levels. Co-prescribing aripiprazole had no impact on PRL levels in all patients with co-T2DM, and aripiprazole dose had no impact on PRL levels in the clinical subgroup of the co-Ari group.ConclusionAripiprazole not only worsened the severity of index disturbances associated to metabolism in long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenia patients with co-T2DM on metformin-based hypoglycemic medications but also failed to lower PRL levels.

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Prolactin and human weight disturbances: A puzzling and neglected association

Cited by 12 publications

References 72 publications

A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies on Prolactin Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies on Prolactin Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Metabolic Syndrome Components in Patients with Pituitary Adenoma

Co-prescription of aripiprazole on prolactin levels in long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients with co-morbid type 2 diabetes: A retrospective clinical study

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