Proliferation and transmission patterns of Pasteurella multocida B:2 in goats

Abstract

This report describes the proliferation and transmission patterns of Pasteurella multocida B:2 among stressful goats, created through dexamethasone injections. Thirty seven clinically healthy adult goats were divided into three groups consisted of 15 goats in group A, 11 goats in group B and the remaining 11 in group C. At the start of the study, all goats of group A were exposed intranasally to 1.97 x 10(10) CFU/ml of live P multocida B:2. Dexamethasone was immediately administered intramuscularly for 3 consecutive days at a dosage rate of 1 mg/kg. The exposed goats were observed for signs of HS for a period of 1 month. At the end of the 1-month period, 11 goats from group B were introduced into and commingled with the surviving goats of group A before all goats from both groups were immediately injected intramuscularly with dexamethasone for 3 consecutive days. The treatment with dexamethasone was then carried out at monthly interval throughout the 3-month study period. Goats of group C were kept separately as negative control. Three surviving goats from each group were killed at 2-week interval for a complete post-mortem examination. Two (13%) goats of group A were killed within 24 hours after intranasal exposure to P multocida B:2 while another two (13%) goats from the same group were killed on day 40, approximately 10 days after the second dexamethasone injection. All four goats showed signs and lesions typical of haemorrhagic septicaemia. Bacteraemia was detected in 3 goats of group A that were having rectal temperature higher than 41degrees C. The P. multocida B:2 isolation pattern was closely associated with dexamethasone injections when significantly (p < 0.05) higher rate of isolations from both groups were observed after each dexamethasone injection. Transmission of P multocida B:2 from goats of group A to group B was successful when P multocida B:2 was isolated from goats of group B for a period of 28 days. There was a strong correlation between dexamethasone injections, rate of bacterial isolation and serum cortisol level. The IgG level showed an increasing trend 2 weeks after exposure to P multocida B:2 and remained high throughout the study period.

Clinico-pathological changes in buffalo calves following oral exposure to Pasteurella multocida B:2

“…Although the mean rectal temperature in both groups reached a peak at 144 h post‐infection, emphasizing the incubation of between 3–5 days 10 that correlates with bacteremia, 21 the absence of P. multocida B:2 in all calves that were killed on day 7 post‐infection suggest the total recovery from the infection after day 5. This is in contrast to the successful isolation of P. multocida from the gastro‐intestinal tract of chickens following oral infection 9 .…”

Pasteurella multocida: from Zoonosis to Cellular Microbiology

“…P. multocida is a common commensal or opportunistic pathogen found in the upper respiratory tracts of most livestock, domestic, and wild animals (34), including chickens (126)(127)(128)(129)(130)(131), turkeys (132,133), and other wild birds (123,(134)(135)(136)(137)(138)(139)(140)(141)(142)(143)(144), cattle and bison (121,(145)(146)(147), swine (34, 148-151), rabbits (152)(153)(154), dogs (41, [155][156][157], cats (domestic house cats as well as large wild cats, such as tigers, leopards, cougars, and lions) (39, 42-46, 49, 157-166), goats (125,139,167,168), chimpanzees (169), marine mammals (seals, sea lions, and walruses) (170), and even komodo dragons (171,172). The manifestation and pathological symptoms associated with Pasteurella infection, or "pasteurellosis," range from asymptomatic or mild chronic upper respiratory inflammation to acute, often fatal, pneumonic and/or disseminated disease.…”

Immunohistochemical evaluation of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract of buffalo (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) calves orally exposed to <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> B:2

“…However, these may not suggest complete absence of P. multocida B:2 as low bacterial concentration may not be detected by immunoperoxidase (Abubakar et al, 2013). Bacterial concentration has been reported to increase in stressful situations led to increased bacterial proliferation and colonisation in immuno-suppressed or naive animals (Shafarin et al, 2008). These calves showed mild and transient clinical features post second exposure, which could be due to development of strong immunity following initial exposure.…”