Proliferation of Faulty Materials Data Analysis in the Literature

Linford, Matthew R.; Smentkowski, Vincent S.; Grant, John T.; Brundle, C. R.; Sherwood, Peter M. A.; Biesinger, Mark C.; Terry, Jeff; Artyushkova, Kateryna; Herrera-Gómez, Alberto; Tougaard, S.; Skinner, William; Pireaux, Jean Jacques; McConville, Christopher F; Easton, Christopher D.; Gengenbach, Thomas R.; Major, George H.; Dietrich, Paul; Thißen, Andreas; Engelhard, Mark H.; Powell, Cedric J.; Gaskell, Karen J.; Baer, Donald R.

doi:10.1017/s1431927619015332

Cited by 66 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Mice fed a high-sucrose diet also exhibit significant fat accumulation and increased lipogenic activity in the liver similar to what was seen in high-fat diet administration, which were attenuated with betaine treatment via upregulation of AMPK [ 160 ]. Betaine supplementation to mice with MAFLD induced by methionine- and choline-deficient diet alleviated steatosis, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, normalized mitochondrial size and respiratory chain function, stimulated β-oxidation of fatty acids, increased the number of autophagosomes, and restored both glutathione content and antioxidant enzyme activities in livers [ 28 , 161 , 162 , 163 ].…”

Section: Disease Prevention By Betaine Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Betaine: A Comprehensive Review

Arumugam

Paal

Donohue

et al. 2021

Biology

138

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Medicinal herbs and many food ingredients possess favorable biological properties that contribute to their therapeutic activities. One such natural product is betaine, a stable, nontoxic natural substance that is present in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Betaine is also endogenously synthesized through the metabolism of choline or exogenously consumed through dietary intake. Betaine mainly functions as (i) an osmolyte and (ii) a methyl-group donor. This review describes the major physiological effects of betaine in whole-body health and its ability to protect against both liver- as well as non-liver-related diseases and conditions. Betaine’s role in preventing/attenuating both alcohol-induced and metabolic-associated liver diseases has been well studied and is extensively reviewed here. Several studies show that betaine protects against the development of alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, apoptosis, and accumulation of damaged proteins. Additionally, it can significantly prevent/attenuate progressive liver injury by preserving gut integrity and adipose function. The protective effects are primarily associated with the regulation of methionine metabolism through removing homocysteine and maintaining cellular SAM:SAH ratios. Similarly, betaine prevents metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and its progression. In addition, betaine has a neuroprotective role, preserves myocardial function, and prevents pancreatic steatosis. Betaine also attenuates oxidant stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and cancer development. To conclude, betaine exerts significant therapeutic and biological effects that are potentially beneficial for alleviating a diverse number of human diseases and conditions.

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Section: Disease Prevention By Betaine Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Betaine: A Comprehensive Review

Arumugam

Paal

Donohue

et al. 2021

Biology

138

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“…[11][12][13][14] While the interpretation of XPS data via peak deconstruction is commonplace, fundamental understanding of the technique and an appreciation for correct data handling are often missing. 15 Recently, a series of invaluable guides have been prepared from a community effort among the leading practitioners in the field of XPS, with the aim of enabling researchers new to XPS to plan experiments and understand their data to a high level. This series is published under the title 'Practical Guides for X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy', for example 'Practical Guides for X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: First Steps in Planning, Conducting, and Reporting XPS Measurements' 16 and 'Practical guide for curve fitting in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.'…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced XPS characterization: XPS-based multi-technique analyses for comprehensive understanding of functional materials

Isaacs

Davies-Jones

Davies

et al. 2021

Mater. Chem. Front.

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“…This paradigm leads to a structural problem that contributed to the emergence of the so-called reproducibility crisis 6 , 7 . Related issues regarding material characterization have been discussed by Linford et al in the context of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 8 and by Anderson et al using the example of nanoparticle analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 9 . However, the scope of these and similar issues does not yet seem to have received the attention that is warranted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the reliability of highly magnified micrographs for structural analysis in materials science

Wortmann

Layland²,

Frese

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Highly magnified micrographs are part of the majority of publications in materials science and related fields. They are often the basis for discussions and far-reaching conclusions on the nature of the specimen. In many cases, reviewers demand and researchers deliver only the bare minimum of micrographs to substantiate the research hypothesis at hand. In this work, we use heterogeneous poly(acrylonitrile) nanofiber nonwovens with embedded nanoparticles to demonstrate how an insufficient or biased micrograph selection may lead to erroneous conclusions. Different micrographs taken by transmission electron microscopy and helium ion microscopy with sometimes contradictory implications were analyzed and used as a basis for micromagnetic simulations. With this, we try to raise awareness for the possible consequences of cherry-picking for the reliability of scientific literature.

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Proliferation of Faulty Materials Data Analysis in the Literature

Cited by 66 publications

References 6 publications

Beneficial Effects of Betaine: A Comprehensive Review

Beneficial Effects of Betaine: A Comprehensive Review

Advanced XPS characterization: XPS-based multi-technique analyses for comprehensive understanding of functional materials

On the reliability of highly magnified micrographs for structural analysis in materials science

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