Proliferation of mouse fibroblasts and osteoblastic cells on ZrO2-, SiO2-, and ZnO-deposited pure titanium discs using atomic layer deposition

NanoZnO-modified titanium implants for enhanced anti-bacterial activity, osteogenesis and corrosion resistance

“…The mechanism of toxicity of nano-ZnO was reported to be closely related to the excessive release of Zn 2+ ions and ROS generation causing cell death [ 88 ]. Excess nano-ZnO could produce cytotoxicity and be detrimental to cellular growth, which has been confirmed in previous studies [ 52 , 63 ]. Additionally, the bonding form of nano-ZnO to the Ti substrate also impacts its biocompatibility.…”

“…Unlike electrodeposition, atomic layer deposition (ALD) can accurately control the thickness of the deposited film at the atomic scale or monolayer level, which facilitates the preparation of homogeneous coating on the surfaces with specific conditions (e.g. complex micro/nano structures, high aspect ratios, porous surfaces) [ 63 , 64 ]. The 1D nanostructure of ZnO on carbon nanotube/chitosan-modified Ti implants produced using atomic layer deposition was first introduced by Zhu et al By adjusting the cycling number, the thickness of ZnO and the Zn content can be precisely controlled, which not only regulated the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts but also showed good antibacterial properties [ 52 ].…”

In Vitro Study of Zirconia Surface Modification for Dental Implants by Atomic Layer Deposition

“…Therefore, the eluted Zn was not assumed to have altered the pH of the culture medium. Although it is not clear why neither cell type proliferated on ZR-Zn in our previous [37] and the present study, the poor proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts on ZnO films formed on Ti compared to that on Ti has been reported [38]. By contrast, eluted Zn 2+ has been reported to increase the viability of epithelial cells on ZnO-deposited zirconia [39], increasing cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 on ZnO-deposited sandblasted acid-etched zirconia [40] and enhancing the osteoblast differentiation of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal cells on Zn-modified Ti [41].…”

“…Ti is a highly oxidizable metal, and a TiO 2 layer can be formed immediately upon exposure to the atmosphere [43]. In fact, in a previous study, STEM and EDS analyses of Ti samples after thin-film deposition using ALD confirmed the spontaneous formation of an approximately 10-15 nm thick TiO 2 layer between Ti and the deposited thin film [37]. This implies that when a Ti dental implant is implanted, it is not Ti that is in direct contact with the bone but TiO 2 .…”

“…In a previous study, ZrO 2 , SiO 2 , and ZnO thin films were deposited on Ti using ALD [ 37 ]. The eluted Si amount was less than the detection limit; however, in this study, 0.019 ppm of Si was eluted after 2 weeks of immersion.…”