Prolonged, Controlled Daytime versus Delayed Eating Impacts Weight and Metabolism

Allison, Kelly C.; Hopkins, Christina M.; Ruggieri, Madelyn; Spaeth, Andrea M.; Ahima, Rexford S.; Zhang, Zhe; Taylor, Deanne; Goel, Namni

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.092

Cited by 74 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Food intake at night (as seen with shift work) is linked to obesity independent of EI (19,20), and a higher percentage of total daily EI consumed during the evening has been associated with greater risk of overweight and obesity (21)(22)(23). Several human studies evaluating the metabolic effects of short-term eucaloric E-TRE have found improvements in glucose homeostasis (2,10), insulin sensitivity (11,13,14), and β-cell responsiveness (11), as well as increased fat oxidation (12) and reductions in blood pressure (11) and appetite (12). In contrast, similar studies using late TRE have been limited and have shown inconsistent metabolic effects (14,24,25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early time‐restricted eating compared with daily caloric restriction: A randomized trial in adults with obesity

Thomas

Zaman

Sloggett

et al. 2022

Obesity

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Objective: This trial aimed to evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of early timerestricted eating plus daily caloric restriction (E-TRE+DCR) compared with DCR alone within a behavioral weight-loss intervention. Methods: Participants (n = 81, 69 women, mean [SD] age: 38.0 [7.8] years, BMI: 34.1 [5.7] kg/m 2 ) were randomized to E-TRE (10-hour eating window starting within 3 hours of waking) plus DCR or DCR alone (~35% DCR) for 39 weeks. The primary outcome was body weight (measured with digital scale) at week 12. Secondary outcomes measured at week 12 included hemoglobin A1c, lipids, energy intake (photographic food records), physical activity (accelerometry), dietary adherence (questionnaires), and body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). Weight and body composition were also assessed at week 39. Results: Mean [SD] weight loss was not different between groups at week 12

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early time‐restricted eating compared with daily caloric restriction: A randomized trial in adults with obesity

Thomas

Zaman

Sloggett

et al. 2022

Obesity

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“…Additionally, the high‐calorie breakfast group exhibited greater ghrelin suppression and satiety scores throughout the day compared with the high‐calorie dinner group. Similarly, a controlled feeding study demonstrated that eating on a daytime schedule (8 am ‐7 pm ) compared with a delayed schedule (12 pm ‐11 pm ) lowered body weight in healthy volunteers without obesity over 8 weeks (33). In contrast, Hutchison et al found that 7 days of early (8 am ‐5 pm ) versus delayed (12 pm ‐9 pm ) time‐restricted feeding in men at risk of T2DM produced no difference in weight (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating breakfast is associated with weight loss during an intensive lifestyle intervention for overweight/obesity

Duan

Pilla

Michalski

et al. 2022

Obesity

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Obesity remains a global epidemic. The prevalence of obesity in US adults was 42.4% in 2017-2018 (1) and it continues to rise. Obesityrelated diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are leading causes of preventable deaths. Despite the existence of effective lifestyle interventions, the disease burden and epidemic of obesity continue to worsen. The recent literature on dietary interventions for weight loss has indicated a conceptual shift from what we eat to when we eat. Observational studies have shown that habitual breakfast skipping is associated with obesity, cardiometabolic diseases, T2DM, and increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (2-5), whereas habitual breakfast consumption is associated with lower risk of obesity and weight gain over time (6-8). However, randomized controlled trials with a short follow-up duration

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“…There is increasing evidence that the timing of food intake influences the development of overweight, obesity, and metabolic disorders [ 35 , 36 ]. Hence, based on the evolutionary circadian rhythm of metabolism, early TRE is investigated on its presumed better effects on metabolic markers [ 14 ], and evidence is accumulating for the superiority of an earlier versus a later time window of food intake in TRE [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assessed neither the amount of caloric intake nor meal size, which may have been helpful in detecting crucial differences between the early and late onset of eating in our TRE pilot studies. A randomized crossover study in 12 healthy adults revealed positive effects on weight, energy metabolism, and insulin of daytime (08:00–19:00) versus delayed (12:00–23:00) intake in the eight-week comparable meal schedule [ 35 ]. This difference of four hours in the onset of eating is 45 min more than what we found between early and late eaters in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early or Delayed Onset of Food Intake in Time-Restricted Eating: Associations with Markers of Obesity in a Secondary Analysis of Two Pilot Studies

Kesztyüs

Cermak

Kesztyüs

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Time-restricted eating (TRE) has rapidly gained interest in the public and the scientific community. One presumed mechanism of action is the adaptation of the eating–fasting rhythm to the evolutionary circadian rhythm of the metabolism. Study results regarding the suggestion that earlier beginning of food intake leads to better outcomes are heterogeneous. We conducted a secondary analysis of pooled data from two pilot studies on TRE to examine an association between the timing of onset of food intake with obesity-related outcomes. Participants (n = 99, 83 females aged 49.9 ± 10.8 years) were asked to restrict their daily eating to 8–9 h for three months. Tertiles of the onset of food intake were assessed for changes in anthropometry, blood lipid levels, and health-related quality of life. We detected no significant differences in outcomes between early (before 9:47), medium (9:47–10:50), and late onset (after 10:50) of food intake. However, the duration of the eating period was longest in the group with the earliest (8.6 ± 1.0 h) and shortest in the group with the latest onset (7.5 ± 0.8 h). Subsequently, fasting duration was longest in the last group (16.5 h). This may have compromised the results. More research is needed in this area to address this question.

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Prolonged, Controlled Daytime versus Delayed Eating Impacts Weight and Metabolism

Cited by 74 publications

References 49 publications

Early time‐restricted eating compared with daily caloric restriction: A randomized trial in adults with obesity

Early time‐restricted eating compared with daily caloric restriction: A randomized trial in adults with obesity

Eating breakfast is associated with weight loss during an intensive lifestyle intervention for overweight/obesity

Early or Delayed Onset of Food Intake in Time-Restricted Eating: Associations with Markers of Obesity in a Secondary Analysis of Two Pilot Studies

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