Prolonged Fasting Induces Peripheral Insulin Resistance, Which Is Not Ameliorated by High-Dose Salicylate

Crabben, Saskia N. van der; Allick, Gideon; Ackermans, Mariëtte T.; Endert, E.; Romijn, Johannes A.; Sauerwein, Hans P.

doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2491

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This extends the fi ndings of a smaller study with 6 healthy lean men, that also found no proinfl ammatory eff ects of 60 h of fasting, as indicated by unchanged concentrations of IL-6, soluble TNF receptors I and II, and hs-CRP [ 17 ] . In our study, FFA concentrations were physiologically increased by fasting, which was accompanied by insulin resistance at reduced glucose and insulin concentrations [ 10 ] .…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

Prolonged Fasting and the Effects on Biomarkers of Inflammation and on Adipokines in Healthy Lean Men

et al. 2012

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Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, which is related to increased concentrations of plasma FFAs, glucose, or insulin. Prolonged fasting induces insulin resistance due to elevated plasma FFAs, but is not accompanied by hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia. This makes it possible to study effects of physiologically increased FFA concentrations on inflammatory markers, when insulin and glucose concentrations are not increased. In random order, 10 healthy young lean men (mean BMI: 22.8 kg/m2) were fasted or fed in energy balance for 60 h with a 2-week wash-out period. Subjects stayed in a respiration chamber during the 60-h periods. Blood samples were taken after 12, 36, and 60 h. Then, a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed.Fasting decreased insulin sensitivity by 45% and increased FFA concentrations 5-fold. Fasting did not change concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, or of hs-CRP. Effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)--which may positively relate to insulin resistance, and on chemerin and leptin--adipokines related to obesity, and obesity-related pathologies, were also studied. At t=60 h, VEGF concentrations were significantly increased during the fasted period (p<0.05). At the same time point, chemerin (p<0.01) and leptin (p<0.01) were significantly decreased after fasting. For leptin, this decrease was also significant after 36 h (p<0.01). Adiponectin levels remained unchanged. In healthy young lean men, fasting-induced increases in FFAs leading to insulin resistance do not cause changes in concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines. VEGF concentrations increased and those of chemerin decreased.

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supporting

confidence: 85%

Prolonged Fasting and the Effects on Biomarkers of Inflammation and on Adipokines in Healthy Lean Men

et al. 2012

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“…Tato fyziologická adaptace vede ke zvýšení lipolýzy, oxidaci lipidů, syntéze ketolátek a především ovlivnění sacharidového metabolismu vlivem na endogenní produkci glukózy, změnou její utilizace tkáněmi a snížením její oxidace (27)(28)(29). Výsledkem těchto kontraregulačních mechanismů je nález snížené glykémie v období hladovění (30,31). V návaznosti na to poklesne v několika hodinách oxidace glukózy na pouhých 25% ve srovnání s obdobím krátce po jídle, což je jeden ze způsobů, jakým organismus šetří glukózu (32).…”

Section: Regulace Na úRovni Organismuunclassified

The Central Role of Glucose in Metabolism and Nutrition of Critically Ill Patients

Skořepa¹,

Sobotka²,

Fortunato³

et al. 2017

MMSL

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“…Moreover, earlier OGTT studies showed that it takes ϳ48 h of refeeding to reverse these adaptive changes in glucose metabolism (2). Hyperinsulinemia-mediated suppression of glucose production is not altered after starvation (6,21), although no true liver clamps have been performed. Therefore, the lower glucose flux reported by the above ITT, OGTT, and meal studies seems to be explained largely by the starvation effect on muscle tissue.…”

Section: Glucose Turnover During Starvationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive reciprocity of lipid and glucose metabolism in human short-term starvation

Soeters

Schooneman

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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146

107

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The human organism has tools to cope with metabolic challenges like starvation that are crucial for survival. Lipolysis, lipid oxidation, ketone body synthesis, tailored endogenous glucose production and uptake, and decreased glucose oxidation serve to protect against excessive erosion of protein mass, which is the predominant supplier of carbon chains for synthesis of newly formed glucose. The starvation response shows that the adaptation to energy deficit is very effective and coordinated with different adaptations in different organs. From an evolutionary perspective, this lipid-induced effect on glucose oxidation and uptake is very strong and may therefore help to understand why insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus is difficult to treat. The importance of reciprocity in lipid and glucose metabolism during human starvation should be taken into account when studying lipid and glucose metabolism in general and in pathophysiological conditions in particular.

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Prolonged Fasting Induces Peripheral Insulin Resistance, Which Is Not Ameliorated by High-Dose Salicylate

Abstract: Prolonged fasting induces profound peripheral IR. In contrast to type 2 diabetes mellitus, high-dose salicylate does not affect fasting-induced peripheral IR.

Cited by 38 publications

References 15 publications

Prolonged Fasting and the Effects on Biomarkers of Inflammation and on Adipokines in Healthy Lean Men

Prolonged Fasting and the Effects on Biomarkers of Inflammation and on Adipokines in Healthy Lean Men

The Central Role of Glucose in Metabolism and Nutrition of Critically Ill Patients

Adaptive reciprocity of lipid and glucose metabolism in human short-term starvation

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