Prolonged Viability of Senecavirus A in Exposed House Flies (Musca domestica)

Turner, Justin; Paim, Willian Pinto; Maggioli, Mayara F.; Peter, Cristina Mendes; Miknis, Robert; Talley, Justin L.; Bauermann, Fernando V.

doi:10.3390/v14010127

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The linear regression model with 95% confidence interval indicated an expected viability between 403 and 624 days in the spleen, 565 to 1274 days in the BM-calf, and between 336 and 578 days in the BM-pig. These results corroborate findings from previous studies that demonstrated increased viability of SVA in various conditions and temperatures [ 13 , 17 , 18 ]. The SVA results also align with studies reporting FMDV viability in the bone marrow for up to 7 months when stored at 1–4 °C [ 19 ] and 77 days in muscle when stored at 4 °C [ 20 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Viability of Veterinary-Relevant Viruses in Decomposing Tissues over a 90-Day Period Using an In-Vitro System

Merchioratto,

Mendes Peter,

Ramachandran

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Depopulation is frequently employed during outbreaks of high-impact animal diseases. Security breaches in sites managing mortality may jeopardize pathogen control efforts as infected carcasses can serve as an infection source. This study evaluated the viability and nucleic acid detection of veterinary-relevant viruses or their surrogates in decomposing tissues. The used viruses were: Senecavirus A1 (SVA), feline calicivirus (FCV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), and swinepox virus (SwPV). Viruses were spiked in three decomposing tissues (swine bone marrow and spleen, and bovine bone marrow) and maintained for 90 days. Samples were kept under two temperature conditions resembling the average soil temperature in central Oklahoma, US, during the winter and summer (5.5 °C and 29.4 °C). At 5.5 °C, SVA and FCV remained viable over the 90 days of the study, followed by BVDV (75 days), BoHV-1 and SwPV (60 days), and PEDV (10 days). At 29.4 °C, SVA remained viable for 45 days, followed by BVDV and BoHV-1 (14 days). SwPV was viable for 10 days, whereas FCV and PEDV were viable for 5 days. Overall, viral nucleic acid detection was not significantly altered during the study. These findings support decision-making and risk management in sites overseeing animal mortality.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Viability of Veterinary-Relevant Viruses in Decomposing Tissues over a 90-Day Period Using an In-Vitro System

Merchioratto,

Mendes Peter,

Ramachandran

et al. 2023

Pathogens

Self Cite

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“…In contrast, other swine pathogens especially those involved with respiratory disease such as porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus are diagnosed in a higher percentage during colder months in the fall and winter (38). Previous work has reported that house flies (Musca domestica) tested positive for SVA nucleic acids (17,39); therefore, they could serve as a mechanical vector to spread SVA, which has been shown for other viruses and bacteria (40)(41)(42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Senecavirus A Isolates Collected From the Environment of U.S. Sow Slaughter Plants

Hoffman

Humphrey²,

Korslund³

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Vesicular disease caused by Senecavirus A (SVA) is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and other vesicular diseases of swine. When a vesicle is observed in FMD-free countries, a costly and time-consuming foreign animal disease investigation (FADI) is performed to rule out FMD. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of FADIs and SVA positive samples at slaughter plants in the U.S. The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) describe the environmental burden of SVA in sow slaughter plants; (2) determine whether there was a correlation between PCR diagnostics, virus isolation (VI), and swine bioassay results; and (3) phylogenetically characterize the genetic diversity of contemporary SVA isolates. Environmental swabs were collected from three sow slaughter plants (Plants 1-3) and one market-weight slaughter plant (Plant 4) between June to December 2020. Of the 426 samples taken from Plants 1-3, 304 samples were PCR positive and 107 were VI positive. There was no detection of SVA by PCR or VI at Plant 4. SVA positive samples were most frequently found in the summer (78.3% June-September, vs. 59.4% October-December), with a peak at 85% in August. Eighteen PCR positive environmental samples with a range of Ct values were selected for a swine bioassay: a single sample infected piglets (n = 2). A random subset of the PCR positive samples was sequenced; and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated co-circulation and divergence of two genetically distinct groups of SVA. These data demonstrate that SVA was frequently found in the environment of sow slaughter plants, but environmental persistence and diagnostic detection was not indicative of whether a sampled was infectious to swine. Consequently, a more detailed understanding of the epidemiology of SVA and its environmental persistence in the marketing chain is necessary to reduce the number of FADIs and aide in the development of control measures to reduce the spread of SVA.

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“…Moreover, it is necessary to evaluate the transmission routes within pig populations and through mechanical vectors like flies. 24 In addition, retrospective serological studies from symptomatic and asymptomatic pigs will help determine the timing of SVA introduction in Mexico. These results will increase the knowledge regarding SVA epidemiology and highlight the significant SVA surveillance role in Mexican swine populations to prevent SVA reintroduction and further spread.…”

Section: Contemporary Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First detection and genetic characterization of Senecavirus A in pigs from Mexico

Navarro-Lopez,

Perez-de la Rosa,

Rocha-Martinez

et al. 2023

JSHAP

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Senecavirus A (SVA) is a member of the Senecavirus genus within the Picornaviridae family. An SVA infection causes ulcerative lesions indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases. We describe the genetic characterization of the first SVA detected in Mexico on 2 swine farms. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated a genetically close relationship with SVA isolates from the United States detected in 2017, sharing a 98.3% to 98.4% nucleotide identity. Neverthe- less, genetic differences were found. In Mexico, SVA is considered an exotic virus. Although the introduction source could not be determined, further studies are needed to understand the molecular epidemiology of SVA detected in Mexico.

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Prolonged Viability of Senecavirus A in Exposed House Flies (Musca domestica)

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Viability of Veterinary-Relevant Viruses in Decomposing Tissues over a 90-Day Period Using an In-Vitro System

Viability of Veterinary-Relevant Viruses in Decomposing Tissues over a 90-Day Period Using an In-Vitro System

Characterization of Senecavirus A Isolates Collected From the Environment of U.S. Sow Slaughter Plants

First detection and genetic characterization of Senecavirus A in pigs from Mexico

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