Promising influences of<i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i>and its two active constituents, baicalin, and baicalein, against metabolic syndrome: A review

Rahimi, Vafa Baradaran; Askari, Vahid Reza; Hosseinzadeh, Hossein

doi:10.1002/ptr.7046

Cited by 68 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…Chronic inflammation occurs when the inflammation goes out of physiological condition. These conditions are seen in some diseases such as metabolic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, osteoarthritis, and cancer [ 16 – 20 ]. Eventually, chronic inflammation causes inflammatory disorders and pain through the secretion of inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandins, nitric oxide (NO), interferon γ (IFN- γ ), and histamine [ 21 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noscapine, an Emerging Medication for Different Diseases: A Mechanistic Review

Rahmanian-Devin

Rahimi

Jaafari

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Noscapine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from poppy extract, used as an antitussive since the 1950s, and has no addictive or euphoric effects. Various studies have shown that noscapine has excellent anti-inflammatory effects and potentiates the antioxidant defences by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increasing total glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, noscapine has indicated antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects. Noscapine induces apoptosis in many cancerous cell types and provides favourable antitumour activities and inhibitory cell proliferation in solid tumours, even drug-resistant strains, via mitochondrial pathways. Moreover, this compound attenuates the dynamic properties of microtubules and arrests the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. Noscapine can reduce endothelial cell migration in the brain by inhibiting endothelial cell activator interleukin 8 (IL-8). In fact, this study aimed to elaborate on the possible mechanisms of noscapine against different disorders.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noscapine, an Emerging Medication for Different Diseases: A Mechanistic Review

Rahmanian-Devin

Rahimi

Jaafari

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…S. baicalensis is widely used in traditional medicine, and its main bioactive flavonoids, baicalin and baicalein, have been found to have diverse beneficial activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects [ 37 , 38 ]. They are being extensively studied for the treatment of various metabolic syndromes, respiratory diseases, autoimmune diseases, cancers, and inflammatory diseases in different organs [ 37 , 38 ]. Root extracts of S. baicalensis and its major components, baicalin and baicalein, have also been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects on AD-induced NC/Nga mice [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skullcapflavone II Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced TARC, MDC, and CTSS Production in HaCaT Cells

Lee

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Skullcapflavone II (SFII), a flavonoid derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, its therapeutic potential for skin inflammatory diseases and its mechanism are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of SFII on TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced atopic dermatitis (AD)-associated cytokines, such as thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC). Co-stimulation with TNF-α/IFN-γ in HaCaT cells is a well-established model for induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We treated cells with SFII prior to TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulation and confirmed that it significantly inhibited TARC and MDC expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, SFII also inhibited the expression of cathepsin S (CTSS), which is associated with itching in patients with AD. Using specific inhibitors, we demonstrated that STAT1, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK mediate TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC and MDC, as well as CTSS expression. Finally, we confirmed that SFII significantly suppressed TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of STAT1, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK. Taken together, our study indicates that SFII inhibits TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC, MDC, and CTSS expression by regulating STAT1, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.

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“…Several attempts have been made to prove that BG notably inhibited the activities of OATs and significantly decrease the influx of OATs substrates ( Xu et al, 2013 ). A number of researchers have sought to determine that oral administration of BG rapidly converted to baicalin (B) on the intestinal microflora and B dominantly metabolized to BG in the liver ( Baradaran Rahimi et al, 2021 ; Hu et al, 2021 ). Peng Xu et al reported B could alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of silybin significantly by inhibition of BCRP and MRP2 ( Xu et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baicalin Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Sorafenib in Rats by Inducing Intestine Absorption

et al. 2021

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Background: Sorafenib (SOR) is an oral, potent, selective, irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) used as the first-line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Baicalin (BG) is used as adjuvant therapy for hepatitis, which accounts for the leading cause of the development of HCC, and is commonly coadministered with SOR in clinic. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic changes of SOR and the potential mechanism when SOR is administered concomitantly with BG in rats for single and multiple doses.Methods: Parallel randomized pharmacokinetic studies were performed in rats which received SOR (50 mg/kg, i.g.) alone or coadministered with BG (160 mg/kg, i.g.) for single and multiple doses (7 days). Plasma SOR levels were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Rat liver microsomes (RLMs) which isolated from their livers were analyzed for CYP3A and SOR metabolism activities. The inhibitory effect of BG on the metabolism of SOR was also assessed in pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs). The effects of BG on the intestine absorption behaviors of SOR were assessed in the in situ single-pass rat intestinal perfusion model.Results: Coadministration with BG (160 mg/kg, i.g.) for single or multiple doses significantly increased the Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ of orally administered SOR by 1.68-, 1.73-, 1.70-fold and 2.02-, 1.65-, 1.66- fold in male rats and by 1.85-, 1.68-, 1.68-fold and 1.57-, 1.25-, 1.24- fold in female rats, respectively (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). In vitro incubation assays demonstrated that there were no significant differences of Km, Vmax, and CLint of 1-OH MDZ and SOR N-oxide in RLMs between control and multiple doses of BG-treated groups. BG has no obvious inhibitory effects on the metabolism of SOR in HLMs. In comparison with SOR alone, combining with BG significantly increased the permeability coefficient (Peff) and absorption rate constant (Ka) of the SOR in situ single-pass rat intestinal perfusion model.Conclusion: Notably enhanced oral bioavailability of SOR by combination with BG in rats may mainly account for BG-induced SOR absorption. A greater understanding of potential DDIs between BG and SOR in rats makes major contributions to clinical rational multidrug therapy in HCC patients. Clinical trials in humans and HCC patients need to be further confirmed in the subsequent study.

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Promising influences ofScutellaria baicalensisand its two active constituents, baicalin, and baicalein, against metabolic syndrome: A review

Cited by 68 publications

References 125 publications

Noscapine, an Emerging Medication for Different Diseases: A Mechanistic Review

Noscapine, an Emerging Medication for Different Diseases: A Mechanistic Review

Skullcapflavone II Suppresses TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced TARC, MDC, and CTSS Production in HaCaT Cells

Baicalin Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Sorafenib in Rats by Inducing Intestine Absorption

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