Promotion of quality standard of herbal medicine by constituent removing and adding

Abstract

To identify major active constituents and measure their levels in a typical medicinal herb–Rhizoma coptidis, we applied the concept of removing and adding, taking inspiration from functional genetic methods. As this herb has bacteriostatic properties and is used to treat bacterial diarrhea, we examined the effects of individual constituents (berberine, palmatine, coptisine, epiberberine, jateorrhizine and columbamine) on the growth of Shigella dysenteriae with microcalorimetry. The removing and adding procedures revealed that berberine and coptisine were the main antibacterial constituents of R. coptidis, with bacteriostatic activities of 54.10% and 39.75%, respectively. The relative levels of berberine and coptisine in R. coptidis were 8.08%–31.92% and 4.05%–14.45%, respectively. On the basis of whole effect, the method of constituents removing and adding, coupled with a bioassay, is a useful strategy to identify the active constituents and measure their levels in herbal medicines, which may provide reference to other natural products.

Using the “target constituent removal combined with bioactivity assay” strategy to investigate the optimum arecoline content in charred areca nut

“…Removing constituents can be performed by preparative chromatographic techniques, including PTLC, preparative column chromatography, and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (PHPLC)10111213. Thereafter, in vivo and in vitro bioassays are used to screen the change in bioactivity.…”

“…The CAN sample with arecoline totally removed (WAC-100R) was prepared using the preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) method, which was detailed in a previous study1011. Briefly, the CAN was powdered and subsequently extracted by decocting with water.…”

“…Recently, there have been reports of a new strategy to screen active compounds from herbal medicines by removing or adding constituents10111213. Yan et al 10.…”

Antiangiogenic Activity of Coptis chinensis Franch. Water Extract in in vitro and ex vivo Angiogenesis Models

“…Berberine shows strong antibacterial bioactivity against Shigella dysenteriae [54], induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway in liver cancer cells [56], provides neuroprotective effects in mice [8], prevents the development of left ventricular hypertrophy induced by pressure overload in rats [21], and inhibits angiogenesis through the suppression of various A B Fig. 6.…”

Metabolic profile of alkaloids in Rhizoma Coptidis in rat plasma, urine and feces after oral administration using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

“…RC, first mentioned in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica in the Eastern Han Dynasty, has been used to treat various diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years . Previous studies have demonstrated that RC has activities including anti‐hyperglycemic, anti‐cancer, anti‐bacterial, anti‐hyperlipidemic, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐obesity and anti‐hepatic steatosis . Currently, more than 120 components have been isolated and identified from RC, and alkaloids are most common in plants from RC .…”