Pronator Quadratus Revisited

Stuart, Paul

doi:10.1016/s0266-7681(96)80175-6

Cited by 123 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This finding is somewhat corroborated by Murray and coworkers, 18 who found that the pronator teres moment arm decreased in the fully pronated position. As well, the pronator quadratus muscle has previously been considered a joint stabilizer rather than an agonist for pronation, 19 which also supports the observation that it does not contribute to the pronation torque. This leads to the obvious question of which muscles are instigating the pronation moment required to maintain this position.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Effect of simulated muscle activity on distal radioulnar joint loading in vitro

et al. 2006

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This study investigated the relationship between simulated forearm muscle loads and the joint reaction force in the distal radioulnar joint using an in vitro model. Seven fresh frozen cadaveric specimens were mounted in an upper extremity joint simulator capable of applying pneumatic loads to various (muscle) tendons while restraining the forearm in the three positions of pronation, supination, and neutral rotation. Loads were applied to model four forearm muscles (biceps, pronator teres, pronator quadratus, and supinator) in 10 N increments ranging from 10 N to 80 N for the biceps and pronator teres and in 10 N increments from 10 N to 50 N for the pronator quadratus and the supinator. Distal ulnar arthroplasty was performed on each specimen with a custom instrumented ulnar head replacement implant that quantified loads (via strain gauge instrumentation). The relationship between increasing muscle load and joint load was found to be positive and quasilinear in most cases. The biceps had the greatest influence on the distal radioulnar joint reaction force with a joint force in the range of 8% to 33% of the applied muscle load. The pronator teres, supinator, and pronator quadratus were less influential with a joint reaction force ranging between 6% to 19%, 4% to 9% and 2% to 10% of the applied muscle load, respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Effect of simulated muscle activity on distal radioulnar joint loading in vitro

et al. 2006

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“…We have evaluated the results with reference to radiological union and clinical and functional outcome at the end of six months. Deep head of pronator quadratus acts as a dynamic stabilizer of the distal radio-ulnar joint [12,13] . It contributes 21% of the pronator strength of wrist joint [14] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in frkyman’s type I to IV fractures of distal end radius: A study of 30 cases

Thakkar¹,

Dwivedi²,

Rathva³

et al. 2018

Int. J. Orthop. Sci.

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Introduction: Encouraged by the distinct advantages of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis technique for treatment of peri-articular fractures of long bones, we have extended the concept for treatment of distal radius fractures. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcome of MIPO technique for distal radius fractures. Method: Thirty patients with isolated Frkyman's type I to IV fractures of distal radius were treated using minimally invasive approach of proximal vertical and distal transverse incision and fixed with volar locking plate and followed till six months post operatively. Final assessment was done using Mayo wrist scoring system at the end of six months. Results: Based on Mayo wrist scoring system 73% had excellent results and 27% had good results. All patients could return to pre-injury work status by 8 weeks. There were no cases of neuro-vascular injury or joint stiffness and cosmetic acceptance of barely visible scar was very satisfactory. Conclusion: Fixation of extra-articular distal radius fractures and minimally displaced, stable intraarticular fractures by using minimally invasive approach appears to be encouraging, reliable and easily reproducible by all.

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“…Although PQ was described in anatomic texts more than 400 years ago, it did not gain popularity until the biomechanics of the distal radio-ulnar joint became clear [2]. In 1976, Johnson et al [1] reported two distinct heads of PQ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the superficial layer of PQ acts in coordination with the pronator teres and serves for forearm pronation, deep layer inserts joint capsule and take part in radio-ulnar joint stabilization [1][2][3]. In addition, both heads of the pronator quadratus also play a role in grip strength [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of side dominance and ultrasonographic measurements of pronator quadratus muscle along with handgrip and pinch strength.

et al. 2016

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Aims: We ascertained effects of hand dominance in both right and left-handed volunteers on the thickness and cross sectional area (CSA) of pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle as measured by the axial and sagittal views of ultrasound imaging. Secondly, we also aimed to document the extent of the relationship between the PQ measurements and handgrip. Materials and methods: Healthy adults from the volunteer medical staff were included in the study. Handedness was assessed via The Flinders Handedness survey. The sonographic appearance of the PQ was evaluated on sagittal and axial images for both hands. CSA of PQ muscle was digitally drawn and calculated on the axial plane. Handgrip was measured by using adjustable-handle dynamometer. Results: Eighty-nine healthy volunteers were included (54 right and 35 left-handed). Significant difference was detected between dominant and non-dominant hands in CSA and muscle thickness in both right and left-handed volunteers (p<0.05). These measurements were correlated with the handgrip strength (p<0.05, r=0.55, and r=0.43 for right-handed volunteers, r=0.67 and r=0.48 for left-handed volunteers, respectively). There were also significantly high correlations between the measurements of CSA and PQ thickness of the corresponding extremity in both right-handed and left-handed volunteers (p<0.05). Conclusions: A statistically significant difference exists between dominant and non-dominant hands in CSA and muscle thickness measured by US in both right and left handed volunteers, and this is correlated with handgrip strength. Hand dominance should be considered to compare healthy and affected sites during US of PQ while investigating for occult fractures of distal forearm or PQ atrophy due to anterior interosseous nerve injury.

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Pronator Quadratus Revisited

Cited by 123 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of simulated muscle activity on distal radioulnar joint loading in vitro

Effect of simulated muscle activity on distal radioulnar joint loading in vitro

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in frkyman’s type I to IV fractures of distal end radius: A study of 30 cases

Relationship of side dominance and ultrasonographic measurements of pronator quadratus muscle along with handgrip and pinch strength.

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