Propagating Data Policies

Abstract

When publishing data, data licences are used to specify the actions that are permitted or prohibited, and the duties that target data consumers must comply with. However, in complex environments such as a smart city data portal, multiple data sources are constantly being combined, processed and redistributed. In such a scenario, deciding which policies apply to the output of a process based on the licences attached to its input data is a difficult, knowledgeintensive task. In this paper, we evaluate how automatic reasoning upon semantic representations of policies and of data flows could support decision making on policy propagation. We report on the results of a user study designed to assess both the accuracy and the utility of such a policy-propagation tool, in comparison to a manual approach.

Data journeys: Explaining AI workflows through abstraction

“…-Machine Representation: any machine interpreted representation of the instructions, such as an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) or a query execution plan. -Datanode Graph: as defined in [17], a graph of data-to-data relationships, such as variables, imported libraries, and input and output resources. Such abstraction provides a structure of the data flows, abstracting from issues such as control flow, and focusing on data-to-data dependencies.…”

“…However, the code structure implies knowledge that is not explicitly stated. This include the data flow, as defined in [17], which provides an abstraction of the way data is transferred and manipulated from the file in Line 3 to the variable melbourne_data in Line 6 (datanode graph). Finally, this source hides high-level intentions, for example, the fact that libraries and data are reused and some data preparation is performed, i.e., a column is dropped in Line 6 (activity graph).…”

Integrating Citizen Experiences in Cultural Heritage Archives: Requirements, State of the Art, and Challenges

“…R 14. custodian:monitor Monitor content integrated into the archive to raise issues with relation to copyright infringement or privacy law R 15. custodian:inappropriate Monitor content integrated into the archive to raise issues with relation to sensitive and inappropriate content However, digital assets that are subject of citizen curation may come from multiple sources. Therefore, it is of crucial importance that digital archives can be linked to external repositories: R 16. custodian:link Link the metadata to content provided by other stakeholders Finally, museum organisations want to collect information on the usage of digital assets, therefore supporting scholars in studying how cultural heritage is perceived and copyright owners in receiving feedback: R 17. custodian:usage Monitor, trace, and analyse the usage of the assets by third parties In perspective, recording usage traces will allow to reason over the data journeys [3,26] associated with cultural assets and support use cases such as policy propagation: where a condition or term of use should be transferred to derived assets [25]. Besides, the history of access and use of digital assets may be itself an object worth to be considered by memory archives facing the challenge of dealing with born-digital cultural heritage [70].…”

“…However, without a central authority there is nobody that can guarantee that a trusted source would provide a secured access to protected information and, at the same time, protect users and their content. Examples of platforms for distributed social networks include Mastodon [120], Socialhome 26 , and Hubzilla 27 . The main motivation for adopting DOSN approach for developing citizen curation is the preservation of ownership of the content belonging to museums and cultural heritage providers.…”