Propagation<i>in Vitro</i>of M.26 Apple Rootstocks

In vitro rooting response and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels were examined in two genetically related dwarfing apple (Malus pumila Mill) rootstocks. M.26 and M.9 were cultured in vitro using Linsmaier-Skoog medium supplemented with benzyladenine (BA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (PG). Rooting response was tested in Lepoivre medium supplemented with IBA and PG. IBA concentrations of 12.0 and 4.0 micromolar induced the maximum rooting percentages for M.9 and M.26, respectively. At these concentrations rooting response was 100% for M.26 and 80% for M.9. Free and conjugated IAA levels were determined in M.26 and M.9 shoots prior to root inducing treatment by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and validated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using 13[CB]IAA as intemal standard.Basal sections of M.26 shoots contained 2.8 times more free IAA than similar tissue in M.9 (477.1 t 6.5 versus 166.6 l 6.7 nanograms per gram fresh weight), while free IAA levels in apical sections of M.26 and M.9 shoots were comparable (298.0 ± 4.4 versus 263.7 ± 9.3 nanograms per gram fresh weight). Conjugated IAA levels were significantiy higher in M.9 than in M.26 indicating that a greater proportion of total IAA was present as a conjugate in M.9. These data suggest that differences between M.26 and M.9 rooting responses may be related to differences in free IAA levels in the shoot base. mation (3, 5, 6, 9-12, 19, 26). Young leaves and buds generally promote rooting and may be replaced by exogenous auxin (19). Several investigators have reported positive correlations between endogenous IAA levels in cuttings and number of roots produced per cutting (24).In this study, adventitious root formation was examined in two dwarfing apple (Malus pumila Mill) rootstocks. M.26 and M.9 apple rootstocks were selected because they are genetically related, but differ in rooting ability. M.26 is considered easy to root because a high percentage ofstem cuttings produce roots under greenhouse conditions. M.9 is considered difficult to root because shoots require an etiolation treatment after budbreak in order to induce stem cuttings to root (3,8). The difference in adventitious root formation between M.26 and M.9 is also apparent in vitro. Previous research has shown that M.9 requires higher exogenous auxin concentrations than M.26 for root induction (13,14).The differential response of M.26 and M.9 to exogenous auxin applications has led investigators to suggest that differences in rooting ability between M.9 and M.26 result from differences in endogenous auxin levels (16), auxin metabolism (11, 13, 14), or sensitivity of target cells to auxin (10). The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between endogenous IAA levels of M.26 and M.9 shoots cultured in vitro and the rooting response of shoots to exogenous auxins.In vitro clonal propagation of woody species has often been difficult because many species do not readily produce adventitious roots. The most s...

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“…Techniques and conditions for M.26 and M.9 establishment and proliferation have been previously described (12,15 …”

Section: Plant Materials and Shoot Proliferation Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Indole-3-Acetic Acid Levels in Apple (Malus pumila Mill) Rootstocks Cultured in Vitro and Adventitious Root Formation in the Presence of Indole-3-Butyric Acid

Alvarez

Nissen²,

Sutter³

1989

Plant Physiol.

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“…Recently, many fruit trees have been successfully propagated in vitro (Banno et al, 1986;Jones et al, 1977;Druart and Gruselle, 1986 Table 2. Effect of different cytokinins on survival and shoot growth of apricot meristems.…”

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confidence: 99%

In vitro Propagation of Apricot(Prunus armeniaca L.) cv. 'Bakuoh junkyou'.

Murai

Harada

Yamashita³

1997

Engei Gakkai zasshi

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“…No caso das concentrações do AIB, diversos autores conseguiram bons resultados utilizando entre 1 e 3 mg/L (5 a 15 µM) para o enraizamento da macieira (Jones et al, 1977;Snir & Erez, 1980;Skriskandarajah & Mullins, 1981;Mattos, 1982).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Efeito de auxinas sintéticas no enraizamento in vitro da macieira

Centellas¹,

Fortes²,

Müller

et al. 1999

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Brotações de macieira (Malus domestica, Borkh), cv. Fred Hough, oriundas do processo de multiplicação in vitro, foram inoculadas em meio MS e MS/2, testando-se os reguladores de crescimento: ácido indol-3-acético (AIA); ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e ácido naftaleno acético (ANA), nas concentrações de 0, 1, 3 e 5 miM com o objetivo de observar o efeito dessas auxinas sobre o enraizamento da cultivar. Foram acrescentadas aos meios as vitaminas MS mio-inositol (100 mg/L) e sacarose (30 g/L) em meio de ágar (6 g/L). O pH do meio foi ajustado para 5,8 e a cultura foi incubada a 25 ± 2º C e 16 horas de fotoperíodo a 2.000 lux, permanecendo por 30 dias. Os tratamentos foram repetidos cinco vezes e cada repetição constou de cinco explantes inoculados em frasco de 250 mL contendo 40 mL do meio. O meio MS/2 em todas as concentrações testadas foi melhor que o MS. O ANA e o AIB, ambos na concentração de 3 miM, em meio MS/2, tiveram comportamento semelhante na porcentagem de enraizamento e no número de raízes produzidas; no entanto, o ANA provocou efeitos indesejáveis na qualidade destas, havendo formação de calo na base das brotações e raízes grossas. O AIA obteve melhor resposta nas altas concentrações, mas não foi melhor que o AIB e ANA.

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Propagationin Vitroof M.26 Apple Rootstocks

Cited by 89 publications

References 6 publications

Relationship between Indole-3-Acetic Acid Levels in Apple (Malus pumila Mill) Rootstocks Cultured in Vitro and Adventitious Root Formation in the Presence of Indole-3-Butyric Acid

Relationship between Indole-3-Acetic Acid Levels in Apple (Malus pumila Mill) Rootstocks Cultured in Vitro and Adventitious Root Formation in the Presence of Indole-3-Butyric Acid

In vitro Propagation of Apricot(Prunus armeniaca L.) cv. 'Bakuoh junkyou'.

Efeito de auxinas sintéticas no enraizamento in vitro da macieira

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