Propagation of surface fissures in articular cartilage in response to cyclic loading in vitro

Kerin, Alex; Coleman, A.; Wisnom, Michael R; Adams, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.07.001

Cited by 60 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Seal deterioration, allowing increased fluid exudation, will increase cartilage consolidation and strain, and therefore matrix stresses. The overstressed cartilage is likely subjected to fibrillation and crevassing (51), the morphological manifestations of osteoarthritis. These in turn will also lead to higher (ultimately an order of magnitude or more) frictional losses, with the resulting temperature rise (52) in the cartilage perhaps causing pathological cellular reactions (53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corroboration of in vivo cartilage pressures with implications for synovial joint tribology and osteoarthritis causation

Morrell

Hodge

Krebs

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

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Pressures on normal human acetabular cartilage have been collected from two implanted instrumented femoral head hemiprostheses. Despite significant differences in subjects' gender, morphology, mobility, and coordination, in vivo pressure measurements from both subjects covered similar ranges, with maximums of 5-6 MPa in gait, and as high as 18 MPa in other movements. Normalized for subject weight and height (nMPa), for free-speed walking the maximum pressure values were 25.2 for the female subject and 24.5 for the male subject. The overall maximum nMPa values were 76.2 for the female subject during rising from a chair at 11 months postoperative and 82.3 for the male subject while descending steps at 9 months postoperative. These unique in vivo data are consistent with corresponding cadaver experiments and model analyses. The collective results, in vitro data, model studies, and now corroborating in vivo data support the self-pressurizing ''weeping'' theory of synovial joint lubrication and provide unique information to evaluate the influence of in vivo pressure regimes on osteoarthritis causation and the efficacy of augmentations to, and substitutions for, natural cartilage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corroboration of in vivo cartilage pressures with implications for synovial joint tribology and osteoarthritis causation

Morrell

Hodge

Krebs

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Surface fissures may be created by the relatively stiff tangential layer of cartilage when it is being stretched by radial movements of the softer underlying cartilage as it attempted to move away from the loaded region (Adams et a/., 1998;Flachsmann et a/., 2001;Korhonen et a/., 2002b;Kerin et a/., 2003). Hence, cyclic loading does not cause significant differences in surface roughness following testing under constant and dynamiC loading.…”

Section: Surface Roughness and Wear Gradesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is postulated that this was due to the increased average and peak frictional shear stress within the loading time in specimens with extra large clearances causing fracture of articular cartilage. A histological image of a typical cartilage fracture is shown in Figure 5.35 (Kerin et a/., 2003) . In this study when the acetabular cartilage surface was loaded constantly in 2 hours pendulum reciprocating motion with extra large clearances, it is postulated that this kind of cartilage fractures were created .…”

Section: Surface Roughness and Wear Gradesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 1988). Histological studies have shown cartilage fissures can propagate mechanically under cyclic compressive loading in-vitro, and cyclic loading caused cartilage fissures to increase in length and width , but not depth (Kerin et a/., 2003) .…”

Section: Surface Roughness and Wear Gradesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Kerin et al, 2003) Wear grade 4 is the damage down to the Tide Mark of the cartilage , which means the cartilage surface fissures have been developed to a greater extent leading to cartilage fracture . Wear grade 4 was only seen in specimens with extra large clearances under constant loading .…”

Section: Surface Roughness and Wear Gradesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tribology of Hemiarthroplasty

Lizhang¹

2013

Encyclopedia of Tribology

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Secondary gait changes in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis: Increased load at the ankle, knee, and hip during walking

Mündermann

Dyrby

Andriacchi

2005

Arthritis & Rheumatism

601

480

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Objective. This study tested the hypothesis that gait changes related to knee osteoarthritis (OA) of varied severity are associated with increased loads at the ankle, knee, and hip.Methods. Forty-two patients with bilateral medial compartment knee OA and 42 control subjects matched for sex, age, height, and mass were studied. Nineteen patients had Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) radiographic severity grades of 1 or 2, and 23 patients had K/L grades of 3 or 4. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were measured in the hip, knee, and ankle while the subjects walked at a self-selected speed.Results. Patients with more severe knee OA had greater first peak knee adduction moments than their matched control subjects (P ‫؍‬ 0.039) and than patients with less severe knee OA (P < 0.001). All patients with knee OA made initial contact with the ground with the knee in a more extended position than that exhibited by control subjects. An increased axial loading rate was present in all joints of the lower extremity. Patients with more severe knee OA had lower hip adduction moments compared with their matched control subjects.Conclusion. The secondary gait changes observed among patients with knee OA reflect a potential strategy to shift the body's weight more rapidly from the contralateral limb to the support limb, which appears to be successful in reducing the load at the knee in only patients with less severe knee OA. The increased loading rate in the lower extremity joints may lead to a faster progression of existing OA and to the onset of OA at joints adjacent to the knee. Interventions for knee OA should therefore be assessed for their effects on the mechanics of all joints of the lower extremity.Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects an increasing proportion of the population (1-3). Although most joints of the lower extremity, including the ankle and hip, may be involved, the knee is the most common site for OA (4). Changes related to OA are more frequently observed in the medial compartment than in the lateral compartment of the knee (5). Moreover, loads transferred through the medial compartment during walking are substantially higher than loads transferred through the lateral compartment (6). The distribution of loads transferred through the medial and lateral compartments during walking can be estimated by the external knee adduction moment (6); a higher external knee adduction moment indicates greater loads in the medial than in the lateral compartment. The first peak knee adduction moment during walking has been shown to be a strong predictor of the presence (7-9), severity (10,11), and rate (12) of progression of medial compartment knee OA. However, little attention has been paid to the changes in the mechanical environment of other joints of the affected limb, which presumably occur concomitantly with changes in knee-joint mechanics.Most studies investigating the gait of patients with knee OA have concentrated on kinematics and kinetics at the knee (7,8,(13)(14)(15)(16), ground reaction for...

show abstract

Propagation of surface fissures in articular cartilage in response to cyclic loading in vitro

Cited by 60 publications

References 57 publications

Corroboration of in vivo cartilage pressures with implications for synovial joint tribology and osteoarthritis causation

Corroboration of in vivo cartilage pressures with implications for synovial joint tribology and osteoarthritis causation

Tribology of Hemiarthroplasty

Secondary gait changes in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis: Increased load at the ankle, knee, and hip during walking

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