Propane/air deflagrations and CTA measurements of turbulence inducing elements in closed pipes

Einfluss eines 90°‐Rohrbogens in einer technischen Rohrleitung auf reaktive Strömungen

“…Die maximalen Explosionsdrücke von etwa 3 bar (abs.) entsprechen den Werten, die in früheren Versuchen in einer geraden Rohrleitung gemessen wurden [4]. In den Versuchen 1 und 2 sind die optischen Sensoren 2 und 6 ausgefallen, sodass jeweils nur 2 mittlere Flammengeschwindigkeiten im Rohrabschnitt 5,28 -13,28 m berechnet werden konnten.…”

Temperature and pressure influence on maximum rates of pressure rise during explosions of propane–air mixtures in a spherical vessel

“…Data on peak explosion pressures and times to peak explosion pressure obtained in a spherical vessel with central ignition were reported first [13] and used in a further paper for calculating the normal burning velocity by means of cubic law constants of flame propagation in the early stage of spherical vessel explosions [14]. Other literature data on propane-air confined deflagrations in spherical or cylindrical enclosures [15][16][17][18][19][20] refer especially to the influence of initial composition and pressure on peak explosion pressures and/or maximum rates of pressure rise. The temperature influence on the maximum rates of pressure rise was less examined, in spite of the wide interest for collecting data on propane-air deflagrations at non-atmospheric initial conditions.…”

Temperature and pressure influence on explosion pressures of closed vessel propane–air deflagrations

“…The explosion pressure (defined as the peak pressure developed in a contained deflagration of a flammable mixture) and the explosion time (defined as the time interval from ignition to peak pressure) characteristic for fuel-air gaseous deflagrations in closed vessels, at initial ambient pressure and temperature, were reported in many publications [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Recent data on explosion pressures characteristic of gaseous closed vessel explosions were obtained from experiments in a spherical 20 L vessel with central ignition, as recommended by European standard EN 13673-1 [14].…”

“…in the form of LPG-Liquefied Petroleum Gas), propane is widely used as fuel for automotive engines and domestic heaters, as a refrigerant or as feedstock for the production of base petrochemicals; accordingly, propane is one of the most studied fuels [5][6][7][8][9]12,13,18,[27][28][29][30]. Measurements of pressure-time history during propane-air deflagrations were performed mostly in symmetrical vessels with central ignition (spheres or cylinders with h/D close to 1) of 20 L, 120 L, 1 m 3 or even 25.5 m 3 volume [5][6][7][8]13,18]; a few data were reported for asymmetrical vessels, as well [12,27]. The authors tried to evaluate also the influence of heat losses during explosion development on explosion pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise for various fuel-air mixtures (including propane) and found significant differences between explosion pressures measured in symmetrical and asymmetrical vessels.…”