Proper finishing treatments for sun‐protective cotton‐containing fabrics

Abstract

ABSTRACT:To enhance both the performance and ultraviolet-protection properties of cotton-containing fabrics, attempts have been made to use poly(carboxylic acid)s as non-formaldehyde durable-press finishing agents alone or in combination with certain additives followed by posttreatment with metal salt solutions. Furthermore, simultaneous dyeing and resin finishing in the presence of triethanolamine hydrochloride (TEA ⅐ HCl) or citric acid (CA) as a reactive additive along with different anionic or cationic dyestuffs have been examined. The results reveal that the ester crosslinking of cotton-containing fabrics in the absence or presence of chitosan (5 g/L), ␤-cyclodextrin (20 g/L), or choline chloride (20 g/L) as an additive results in an improvement in the fabric resiliency as well as the ultravioletprotection properties. The extent of the improvement is determined by the type of poly(carboxylic acid), type of additive, type of substrate (i.e., cotton or cotton/polyester blend), and pretreatment history (i.e., grey, bleached, or bleached and mercerized). The posttreatment of easy-care finished fabric samples with a copper acetate solution (5 g/L) results in a dramatic improvement in the ultraviolet-protection factor, especially with bleached cotton, grey cotton/polyester blend, and bleached cotton/polyester fabric samples, regardless of the additive. Simultaneous dyeing and resin finishing with Reactive Black 5 and Direct Violet 31, in the presence of TEA ⅐ HCL as a reactive additive, or with Basilene Red PB, in the presence of CA as a reactive additive, result in a sharp increase in both the depth of shade and the ultraviolet-protection values, regardless of the substrate.

Union disperse printing and UV-protecting of wool/polyester blend using a reactive β-cyclodextrin

“…molecular size, chemical structure, functionalities, extent of release from the thickener film and sublimation, thermal stability, degree of penetration or diffusion coefficient along with mode of interaction, fixation and retention within the modified blend components, via hydrogen-bonding, Van der Waal's forces, dipole interactions and/or formation of inclusion compounds with the grafted MCT-b-CD on modified fabric samples (Aspland, 1997;Buschmann et al, 1998;Choudhury, 2006;Szejtli, 2003), (iv) pre-modification step has practically no harsh effect on the obtained prints-handle, (v) the outstanding UV-protection properties of the obtained prints, expressed as, UPF value, are governed by the treatment sequence, i.e. pretreatment with MCT-b-CD followed by disperse printing > disperse printing only without pre-modification > untreated, as well as the structure of the disperse dye molecules its ability to absorb the hazardous UV-radiation, especially UV-B along with the bonds between dye-molecules with blend components, (Gorensek & Slnga, 2004;Ibrahim, Refai, Youssef, & Ahmed, 2005) (vi) the high UPF value of untreated blend fabric reflects the positive role of polyester component with its aromatic units on exhibiting a high absorption of UV-B radiation along with the good UV-absorption properties of the wool component, (Gorensek and Slnga, 2004;Ibrahim et al, 2005) (vii) the modified fabric samples, functionalized with MCT-b-CD, exhibits higher UV-protecting capacities compared to the unmodified or untreated ones, suggesting the formation of the host-guest inclusion complex between the MCT-b-CD fixed at and/or within the finish/wool matrix and the hydrophobic disperse dye molecules, and the ability of the formed complex to act as a highly efficient UV-filter, (Ibrahim et al, 2008;Gorensek and Slnga, 2004;Ibrahim et al, 2005) and (viii) darker depth of shades, i.e. higher K/S values, significantly improve the UPF values, regardless of the used disperse dye.…”

Host–guest complex of cypermethrin with β-cyclodextrin: A spectroscopy and theoretical investigation

“…With these structural features, CDs are able to form host-guest complexes with hydrophobic molecules [3]. As a result of this function, the CDs have wide applications in textile function finishing [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Synthesis of some new 2‐[(2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene) hydrazinyl]‐4‐methylthiazole derivatives for simultaneous dyeing and finishing for UV protective cotton fabrics

“…Table I showed the effect of dyes structure and concentrations on the extent of resin finishing. The results obtained signify that: (1) irrespective of dye structure, increasing the dye concentration from 0.5 and up to 1.7% brings about an improvement in the %N, TS, and a remarkable improvement in both the K / S and UPF‐rating values along with slight decrease in WRA and (2) regardless of the dye concentration, the enhancement of the UV protection property is governed by the nature of the dye, that is, the chemical structure, molecular geometry, transmission/absorption characteristics, steric effect, location and aggregation, and uniformity across the fiber/fabric33 and follows the following descending order: …”