Properties and Assessment of Applications of Red Mud (Bauxite Residue): Current Status and Research Needs

Reddy, Peddireddy Sreekanth; Reddy, Narala Gangadhara; Serjun, Vesna Zalar; Mohanty, Bikash; Das, Sarat Kumar; Reddy, Krishna R.; Rao, B. Hanumantha

doi:10.1007/s12649-020-01089-z

Cited by 87 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Since the chantalite major peaks in XRD are overlapping with goethite (~ 21°2Th), calcite (~ 29.5°2Th) and hematite (49.5°2Th) as comparing with our results, we cannot identify chantalite in our samples, nor decide if identification by [3] was done correctly. On the other hand, minerals identified in our samples are well in the type and range for most common red mud components, according to Reddy et al [81].…”

Section: Structural Characterization Of the Co 2 Sequestrated Materials By X-ray Diffractionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Control of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Mechanical Activation of Red Mud

Mucsi

Halyag

Kurusta

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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Mineral carbonation is a potentially attractive sequestration technology for the permanent safe disposal and immobilization of CO2. In this technology, CO2 is chemically reacted with calcium, sodium, and magnesium containing materials to form thermodynamically stable and environmentally harmless minerals, usually carbonates. In our research, mechanical activation of red mud was carried out in order to enhance its reactivity by means of mechanochemical reactions (surface activation), and its sequestration behaviour was investigated using carbon dioxide gas at 25 °C temperature and at high pressure (5 bar) in an autoclave. The reacted red mud was characterized by Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, laser particle size analyzer, BET specific surface area measurement, and pH measurement. It was found that mechanical activation improved the CO2 sequestration ability by 1.7 wt% of red mud, as demonstrated by the above investigations. The pH of red mud slurry can be lowered by reacting it with carbon dioxide. During our measurements, the pH of the suspension decreased from 10 to 6.81. Furthermore, the carbonation process can be successfully used to decrease the amount of harmful PM10 (particles with a diameter of 10 μm or less) and PM2.5 (particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less) fraction. The proportion of 10 μm particles can be reduced by 40% and that of 2.5 μm by 20%. Graphic Abstract

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Section: Structural Characterization Of the Co 2 Sequestrated Materials By X-ray Diffractionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Control of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Mechanical Activation of Red Mud

Mucsi

Halyag

Kurusta

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…The results from direct shear test has shown that red mud has low cohesion with higher angle of internal friction and such kind of behavior has been observed to be exhibited by red mud extracted from Bayer"s process. This high friction is due to the presence of angular and sub-angular particles and the presence of heavy minerals [11,12]. Of the three methods of the construction of tailing dam (upstream, downstream and centre line method), downstream method has been chosen in the present study due to the following reasons:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Red mud"s geotechnical properties and its subsequent reusability as soil have been reported by various researchers. Despite its high pH value (11)(12)(13), it was observed that clay size particles (> 50%) constituted a major portion of red mud [5]. It was found to have low plasticity in nature and possess higher specific gravity [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

Reuse of red mud in construction of tailing dam

Pavani

Jain

Das

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Red mud, a by-product of the alumina industry, is disposed through construction of clay lined dams or dykes. Into these constructions, red mud is pumped and allowed to dry naturally. This red mud when disposed is slurry with a solid concentration of 10%, high ionic strength and pH in the range of 10-13. It should be noted that it is toxic in nature at this stage because of the harmful chemical composition present in it. Hence utilization of it in various applications results in decrease of its environmental impact. In the present study, red mud has been used in the construction of a tailing dam. Its stability has been evaluated considering various cases such as end of construction, steady seepage, rapid draw down and seismic conditions. The data from this evaluation has been compared with borrowed soil to assess the compatibility of red mud. The comparison has shown that there is little difference between usage of either borrowed soil or red mud as tailing dam material. However, red mud gives better factor of safety compared to the borrowed soil considered in this study.

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“…The major crystalline constituents in RM like Fe2O3, SiO2, (rutile, and anatase) are inert. But the alumino-silicates, is hardly crystalline whether crystalline or amorphous phases are pozzolanic (Reddy et al [12]) whereas RM blended with lime can develop cementous properties that special cement can be obtained for materials for construction, (Singh et. al.,[13], Kumar et.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Red Mudmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Valorization of Normalized Red Mud as Environmentally Sustainable Waste Management

Mishra¹,

Das

Mishra

2021

CJAST

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The Red Mud has focused through major industrial and scientific research in industrial waste valorization. Red mud is the discarded produce of alumina extraction processes from its parent the bauxite ore. Its high alkalinity causes it to be kept in large quantities, resulting in increased deforestation. Annually, it is estimated that 64.2 MMT of red mud wastes are formed around the world, and India produces about 9MMT with less hope of being reused, posing a serious threat of pollution and contamination of both soil, ground water and the environment. Large numbers of research have shown that this bauxite solid waste can be refurbished to make construction bricks, pavement tiles, ceramic materials, but no full large-scale benign re-utilization have been made. The intent of the research is to probe in to the applications of red mud in the construction and various sectors, giving emphasis on Indian context. Other researchers' observations were considered and analyzed in terms of environmental, economic, and technical feasibility to fulfill zero waste demand due to red mud.

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Properties and Assessment of Applications of Red Mud (Bauxite Residue): Current Status and Research Needs

Cited by 87 publications

References 112 publications

Control of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Mechanical Activation of Red Mud

Control of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Mechanical Activation of Red Mud

Reuse of red mud in construction of tailing dam

Review of the Valorization of Normalized Red Mud as Environmentally Sustainable Waste Management

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