Properties and hazards of 108 selected substances

Lucius, J.E.; Olhoeft, G.R.; Hill, P.L.; Duke, S.K.

doi:10.3133/ofr89491

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 80 publications

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“…The concentration of the LNAPL in the aqueous phase is determined by the solubility of the different fractions which are typically low. Hence, when compared to the free phase, the total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in the saturated zone is much lower [e.g., the solubility of benzene in water at 20°C is typically \0.1% by weight and decreases with decreasing temperature (e.g., Lucius et al 1992)]. …”

Section: Factors Governing the Detection Of Subsurface Lnapl Contaminmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical Signatures of Microbial Activity at Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites: A Review

Atekwana

2009

Surv Geophys

148

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Microorganisms participate in a variety of geologic processes that alter the chemical and physical properties of their environment. Understanding the geophysical signatures of microbial activity in the environment has resulted in the development of a new sub-discipline in geophysics called ''biogeophysics''. This review focuses primarily on literature pertaining to biogeophysical signatures of sites contaminated by light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL), as these sites provide ideal laboratories for investigating microbialgeophysical relationships. We discuss the spatial distribution and partitioning of LNAPL into different phases because the physical, chemical, and biological alteration of LNAPL and the subsequent impact to the contaminated environment is in large part due to its distribution. We examine the geophysical responses at contaminated sites over short time frames of weeks to several years when the alteration of the LNAPL by microbial activity has not occurred to a significant extent, and over the long-term of several years to decades, when significant microbial degradation of the LNAPL has occurred. A review of the literature suggests that microbial processes profoundly alter the contaminated environment causing marked changes in the petrophysical properties, mineralogy, solute concentration of pore fluids, and temperature. A variety of geophysical techniques such as electrical resistivity, induced polarization, electromagnetic induction, ground penetrating radar, and self potential are capable of defining the contaminated zones because of the new physical properties imparted by microbial processes. The changes in the physical properties of the contaminated environment vary spatially because microbial processes are controlled by the spatial distribution of the contaminant. Geophysical studies must consider the spatial variations in the physical properties during survey design, data analysis, and interpretation. Geophysical data interpretation from surveys conducted at LNAPL-contaminated sites without a microbial and geochemical context may lead to ambiguous conclusions.

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Section: Factors Governing the Detection Of Subsurface Lnapl Contaminmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical Signatures of Microbial Activity at Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites: A Review

Atekwana

2009

Surv Geophys

148

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Dielectric properties of MSWI bottom ash for non-invasive monitoring of moisture

Ilyas

Persson

Praagh

2013

Environ Monit Assess

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The dielectric procperties of MSWI bottom ash as a function of volumetric water content (VWC) are reported in this paper. The objective was to aid the development of microwave based non-invasive emission monitoring and control system for various bottom ash applications. The dielectric measurements were made, on a 1.5-year-old bottom ash, with an electrical network analyzer in microwave range (300 MHz-1.5 GHz). The VWC of the samples ranged between 0.05 and 0.40 m(3) m(-3). The relationship between the dielectric permittivity and the VWC was modeled with an empirical model and a physically based Birchak model (BM). The results showed that a linear relationship existed between the permittivity and the VWC at higher water contents (>0.25 m(3) m(-3)). However, at lower water contents (<0.25 m(3) m(-3)), the relationship between the permittivity and the WVC was affected by the composition of the bottom ash. The permittivity measurement, with the current method, was not affected by high salt concentrations (10 and 20 dS/m). The empirical model, as compared to BM, provided the best fit between the actual and the predicted water content. The root mean square error (RMSE) values were 0.008-0.010 and 0.06-0.09 m(3) m(-3) for the empirical and the Birchak model, respectively.

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Dielectric Permittivity and Moisture Content

Mohamed

Paleologos

2018

Fundamentals of Geoenvironmental Engineering

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Properties and hazards of 108 selected substances

Abstract: Area 1 in2 -6.4516 cm2 1m2 -10.76391042 ft2 Concentration: ppm -(mg/m3 ) x 24.45/relative molecular mass mg/m3 ppm x relative molecular mass/24.45

Cited by 8 publications

References 80 publications

Geophysical Signatures of Microbial Activity at Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites: A Review

Geophysical Signatures of Microbial Activity at Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites: A Review

Dielectric properties of MSWI bottom ash for non-invasive monitoring of moisture

Dielectric Permittivity and Moisture Content

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