Properties of an Anticoagulant Found in the Blood of a Hemophiliac

Bridge Anticoagulant: A Hitherto Unrecognized Blood Clotting Inhibitor in Haemophilic and Christmas‐Disease Plasma. A Simple Method for its Demonstration

“…Unlike the anticoagulant reported by Munro (1946) and Craddock and Lawrence (1947) it was not detected in serum. Hougie and Fearnley (1954) found that anticoagulants d b i t e d the reaction between serum and antihaemophilic globulin but not that occurring between these two factors and platelets.…”

Dr Leandro Tocantins's inhibitor theory of hemophilia and factor X: reply

“…No one can fault Tocantins on this account. However in 1947, Craddock and Lawrence [3], confirming earlier work by Munro [4], demonstrated that the inhibitors found in certain patients with hemophilia were immunoglobulins, not lipid in nature, and were also relatively stable; in these respects they differed from the inhibitor postulated by Tocantins. The theory was therefore clearly and unequivocally wrong.…”

The literature on inhibitors: Articles that influence my management of patients with hemophilia A and high‐titer inhibitors

“…Although lacking the full knowledge of clotting factors VIII and IX, these investigators and others over the next several years recognized that an “anticoagulant” neutralized the efficacy of transfusion therapy. They also discovered that the anticoagulant was contained within the gamma globulin fraction of the patient's blood and was, therefore, an antibody directed against the anti‐hemophilic factor (a precursor term used to describe the deficient substance in patients with hemophilia) [2, 3].…”