Properties of Fired Bricks Incorporating TFT-LCD Waste Glass Powder with Reservoir Sediments

Abstract

Abstract:In view of increasing concerns over nonrenewable resource depletion and waste management, this study aimed to apply the Taguchi optimization technique to determine the process conditions for producing bricks by incorporating thin-film transition liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) waste glass powder with reservoir sediments. An orthogonal array L 16 (4 5 ) was adopted, which consisted of five controllable four-level factors (i.e., cullet content, drying method, preheat time, sintering temperature, and error). Moreover, the analysis of variance method was used to explore the effects of the experimental factors on the density, water absorption, shrinkage ratio, loss on ignition, porosity, and compressive strength of the fired bricks. The microstructures of the fired specimens were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Then, large-scale production techniques for fired bricks containing recycled TFT-LCD glass cullet and reservoir sediments were developed in a commercially available tunnel kiln. The test results showed that the structure of the fired specimen was loose at a sintering temperature ranging from 900 to 950 • C. However, the fired specimen showed a significant densification at the sintering temperature of 1050 • C. In addition, the Taguchi method was found to be a feasible approach for optimizing the process condition of bricks using recycled TFT-LCD glass cullet and reservoir sediments and it significantly reduced the number of tests. Further, the characteristics of fired bricks developed in the tunnel kiln were in compliance with Chinese National Standards class I building bricks criteria.

High Sulfate Attack Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Flumes Containing Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Waste Glass Powder

“…Its physical properties are presented in Table 2. The LWGP was made out of films with defects, which were collected from the manufacturing process, such as cutting or scribing [22]. They were not collected from the products after use.…”

Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate Using Water Purification Sludge in Producing CLSM

“…ANOVA was used to detect the optimization of the observed values. This was accomplished by separating the total variability of the S/N ratios into contributions by each of the process parameters and the error [47,48].…”

Incorporating Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Glass Waste as Supplementary Cementing Material (SCM) in Cement Mortars—Rationale Based on Hydration, Durability, and Pore Characteristics

“…This hypothesizes the pozzolanic reaction of LGP in an alkaline cementitious matrix. However, the reactivity of LGP can be corroborated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), which is done on the Bruker advance-D8 power diffractometer (Billerica, MA, USA) with Cu-Ka radiation (λ = 0.154,178 nm) by subjecting the LGP particles to X-rays at a scanning rate of 10 °/min [26]. The broad hump in XRD diffractogram elucidates the amorphous nature of silica present in LGP; thus, it can react with calcium hydroxide and lead to formation of secondary hydrates [15,42,43].…”

“…While LCD glass is composed of silica, alumina and alkaline earth oxides, it differs largely from traditional glass [25]. LCD waste glass is usually divided into three classes: LCD cullet, LCD waste glass, and end-of-life LCD waste glass [26]. Such e-waste is potentially hazardous in many ways, owing to its non-degradability and toxic nature (due to its composition), thus creating hazards during disposal [27,28].…”